军人退役安置立法比较研究

退役军人安置问题逐渐成为日趋严重的社会问题,日益引起各国政府的广泛关注。世界各国根据本国国情相继立法律解决退役军人的安置问题。本文分别从退役金、就业安置、住房待遇、医疗待遇四个方面,对各国退役立法进行比较。并通过对各国的军人安置立法的比较,阐述其对我国军人退役安置的意义。     

二战后英国住房保障政策的变化及其启示

住房保障是现代社会保障体系的重要组成部分之一,近几年来我国不断深化对住房保障的认识和建设,而在此过程中,学习和借鉴先进国家的住房保障发展历程和相关建设经验非常必要。二战后英国住房保障制度的变化历程便充分印证了住房保障在现代社会发展中的特殊重要地位,并揭示出了住房保障建设中可能会出现的政府责任偏差和路径依赖的问题。通过对英国住房保障政策制度演变的总结与归纳,可以对我国住房保障制度的改革完善有所助益。     

产权式保障向租赁式保障的过渡——对保障性住房供应体系转变的思考

经济适用住房制度作为我国城镇住房制度改革中一项重要的住房保障制度,在城镇住房建设进程中发挥了重要的作用.随着改革的不断深入,保障性住房供应体系呈现产权式保障向租赁性保障过渡的趋势.本文分析梳理了经济适用住房制度执行过程中存在的问题,探究了问题存在的深层次根源,在对两种保障供应方式对比分析的基础上,理性面对住房保障制度的变迁,提出差别化保障性住房供应体系的思路,制定适合本地区发展实际的保障性住房政策.     

Parental co-residence,shared living and emerging adulthood in Europe: semi-dependent housing across welfare regime and housing system contexts

Transitions to adulthood not only represent a key period for individual development but also contribute to processes of social stratification. Growing evidence has pointed to increased complexity, postponement and individualization in transition dynamics. Previous research has focused on trends in school-to-work transitions and family formation; however, the central role of housing represents an interrelated process that is less understood. As pathways to adulthood have diversified, many young people experience partial independence in one sphere while continued dependence in others. Semi-dependent housing, either through parental co-residence or shared living, can be an important coping mechanism. Using the European Survey on Income and Living Conditionst, the research investigates the role that semi-dependent living plays within emerging adulthood across varied European contexts. The data suggests that the extent and type of semi-dependent housing varies substantially across EU15 countries. The findings indicate that levels of housing independence can be partly explained by welfare regime context while the propensity for shared living appears correlated with affordability in the rental market. Although socio-cultural and economic trends play an important and interrelated role, the study argues that housing dynamics of young adulthood and the role of semi-dependent living is fundamentally shaped by the context of the housing system and welfare regime.     

Mechanisms of Adherence in a Harm Reduction Housing Program

Advances in clinical therapies for people living with HIV have greatly increased life expectancies, but the high levels of adherence that are necessary for clinical success are infrequently achieved, especially for chronically homeless substance users. The Open Door is a harm reduction housing program that seeks to improve clinical outcomes for this population. We present findings from qualitative interviews with residents of the program, conducted to explore facilitators of residents’ success in the program, which is ultimately defined as HIV clinical adherence. Two major themes developed. Positive changes captures processes or characteristics that residents reported as having changed as a result of living in the program. Mechanisms of success reflects aspects of the program to which residents attributed their improved adherence. Given that improving adherence in vulnerable populations has both clinical and public health implications, our study suggests future avenues for research and foundations on which to build future interventions.     

试论我国廉租房发展的瓶颈及其突破

我国廉租房制度的推出,对于缓解高房价带来的社会矛盾,解决低收入家庭的住房问题起到了重要的作用,也受到了人民群众的欢迎。但与旺盛的廉租房需求相对应的是,廉租房的供给却很少。廉租房制度的推广面临着资金来源不足、房源供应不足和管理制度不完善等几大瓶颈。要改变这一现状,充分发挥廉租房的作用,需要结合我国的国情,通过低成本收购现房、少量新建廉租房和充分运用社会租赁房等多渠道保障廉租房源供给;通过运用信托产品或资产证券化产品等多渠道筹措廉租房建设资金;建立包含扩大保障范围、明确划分补贴层次、建立动态资格认定、建立专业管理机构在内的廉租房管理制度。     

精准扶贫政策下湖南申家村空置住房整合利用影响因素调查与分析

“精准扶贫”体现了社会主义的本质要求,发展乡村旅游是实现精准扶贫的有效途径。文章以湖南省娄底市申家村为实证研究对象,通过对申家村旅游扶贫资源、住宅空置率、整体布局、建筑特色、建筑类型、建筑环境等基础数据的定量分析,深入探讨了国家政策、产业融合、乡村旅游发展新趋势、资金筹措途径及信息化推广等农村空置住房整合利用的影响因素,为促进农村地区生态文明建设和社会可持续发展、提高居民居住水平和生活质量提供发展思路和具体的实践探索。     

基于公理设计和功能过剩的公共住房撮合分配方法

公共住房的合理分配是关系保障性安居工程成败及可持续发展的"生命线"。公共住房分配中缺乏科学规划和依据,既难以保障公共住房资源分配的"公平正义",也在一定程度上造成了效率缺失。本文借鉴双边匹配思想,给出了一种基于公理设计和功能过剩的公共住房撮合分配方法,构建了一个公共住房撮合分配多目标优化决策模型。文中给出的公共住房分配案例计算表明,该方法有利于提高公共住房撮合分配的科学性、合理性及正确性,具有一定的可行性和适用性。基于相关系数权重的数值模拟试验,研究进一步探讨了住房保障的发展阶段、住房保障策略与最优撮合分配结果的关系,为公共住房分配提供了一些策略:在住房保障起步和发展阶段,应当优先考虑较高的保障覆盖面,同时也应避免公共住房对保障需求过剩;在住房保障发展成熟和完善阶段,则应当注重提高住房保障的保障水平,尽力满足住房保障对象更高水平的住房改善需求。     

房地产限购政策实施效果的实证分析——基于双重差分模型的估计

房地产限购政策对遏制房价过快上涨、抑制投资性购房需求具有重要意义。运用我国70个大中城市2009年9月至2011年10月的面板数据,采用双重差分模型对房地产市场限购政策的实施效果进行了系统而严格的实证研究。结果发现,房地产限购政策的实施对我国相关城市的房价有大约1.88%的负面效应,但是短期效果并不明显。