论婚约的法律属性

婚约作为婚姻关系成立的前置程序,界定其法律属性应以正确认识婚姻的法律属性为前提。通过法理学与民法学理论分析,可以得出婚姻契约性质的结论。而婚约作为婚姻缔结过程中相对独立的阶段,其性质应属于婚姻契约的预约合同,故认为违反婚约的法律责任应纳入违约责任的范畴。     

Challenging implicit bias: preparing students to practice with African American families

ABSTRACT

The disparity of African American families in the foster care system is a concern in the field of child welfare services and the social work profession. African American families experience unique challenges related to discriminatory practices and implicit biases in the child welfare system and by mandated reporters. To address these inequalities, state and local agencies have implemented prevention and intervention services to support minority families. Additionally, child welfare agencies have invested in professional development training for their workers to alleviate possible intolerant practices. This article describes implicit biases and considers how they could contribute to the disparity of African American families involved in the child welfare system. Furthermore, the article presents approaches to help social work students to identify and challenge their implicit biases to support culturally sensitive practices while working with African American families. It concludes with implications for social work education.     

Love or the Black Sun of Personal Relationships

Previous research about love, in the social‐psychological literature, has focused on the antecedents, or causes, of love. Moreover, within the field of Personal Relationships, love is often regarded as implicitly present, and thus, is not treated directly. Here, we address the possibility of a reversal of this perspective, where love is no longer treated as a dependent variable but as an independent variable. We show that this change is necessary to promote the status of love to that of a reliable object of scientific enquiry. We discuss the differences between scientific and naïve conceptions of love, and the necessity of distinguishingbetween an alleged reality of love and the consequences of the mere idea of love.     

An implicit function based procedure for analyzing maximum likelihood estimates from nonidentically distributed data

A methodology is presented for gaining insight into properties — such as outlier influence, bias, and width of confidence intervals — of maximum likelihood estimates from nonidentically distributed Gaussian data. The methodology is based on an application of the implicit function theorem to derive an approximation to the maximum likelihood estimator. This approximation, unlike the maximum likelihood estimator, is expressed in closed form and thus it can be used in lieu of costly Monte Carlo simulation to study the properties of the maximum likelihood estimator.     

减缓渐开线齿轮支座振动的有效措施

在齿轮传动领域中，至今仍然普遍认为，只要主动齿轮的输入扭矩保持恒定，渐开线齿轮支座就不会产生振动。本文的研究充分表明，渐开线齿轮机的构运行时，它的支座不可避免地会发生一定程度的振动，作者对渐开线齿轮机构运行过程中支座实际反力变化规律作了系统的剖析及研究，并推导出渐开线齿轮支座实际反力计算式及支座实际反力波动率方程组。该齿轮支座实际反力波动率方程组所显示的严密的数学力学关系揭示了导致渐开线齿轮支座强迫振动的主要隐因素就是齿间滑动摩擦，深入的分析研究进一步表明，抑制齿轮支座强迫振动的重要措施是有效地降低齿间滑动摩擦系数、合理地调配齿数和传动化比以及严格地控制中心距增量系数。     

A Case Study of Adaptation in a Nonprofit Human Service Organization

This paper demonstrates the applicability of political economy theory to understanding adaptation of human service organizations. Through the use of a case study, the paper demonstrates the adaptation that occurred over twenty years in a family service agency. The findings show an organization selecting a particular service niche in which to operate. The findings further demonstrate a specialized clientele, a diversified program style, marked stability in the organization's financial strategy, and a diversified financial style. The major tier of revenue groups was dominated by Purchase of Service Contracts (POSC) which demonstrated volatility in response to changes in the external environment. Implications are drawn from education and practice.     

锦屏林业契约、文书研究中的几个问题

贵州省锦屏一带,苗、侗民族在清朝时期签订了大量的山地买卖、租佃契约,现存部分成为研究中国经济史和法制史的重要要资料,但仅仅从契约,甚至是部分契约的内容来准确揭示锦屏林区家族林业管理方式和在林业经济的背景下国家法与民族习惯法的互动问题是不够的,还必须利用诉讼文书、官府告示及口承资料与其进行互证.文章就一些学者在锦屏林业契约研究中提出的林区家族私有制、林业纠纷的民间处理等观点提出了质疑.     

隐性知识与显性知识的多学科探究及对语言教与学研究的影响

隐性知识系统和显性知识系统分布于大脑的不同区域并执行着不同的功能。产生两种知识系统的母语与外语学习过程也不相同。文章首先探讨了两种知识系统的早期语言教育和语言学研究背景及研究评价。然后,总结了认知科学和认知神经科学的主要研究发现、心理语言学和神经语言学的研究初步结论等,这些研究对于外语教学和学习、二语习得方面的研究有重要影响。     

“语感中心论”与普通话的隐性教育

现代语文教学存在的最大问题是理论视野的狭窄,"语感中心论"的教育思想为普通话教育"打开了一扇新的窗户".普通话教育,其核心目标是培养学生的普通话语感.而普通话语感的培养,相对于显性教育而言,隐性教育体现出更大的优越性.实施普通话的隐性教育应以培养整体语感为出发点、以暗示教育为基本手段、以情景话语为主要内容、以环境优化为重要保障.     

论词汇重复对篇章蕴含信息的整合作用

词汇是塑造篇章蕴含信息的直接手段,也是揭示这一信息的源泉。词汇的重复通常体现篇章的核心内含,同时还具有连接和整合篇章内容的功能。文章着重分析词汇重复在揭示文章主题和整合篇章蕴含信息方面的独特作用。