CMAQ模型在乌鲁木齐大气污染治理中的应用潜力

CMAQ是美国环保署（EPA）开发的区域多尺度空气质量模型,已被广泛用于研究多种空气污染物形成、运输及评估。本文综述了CMAQ模型在雾霾污染、臭氧污染、核泄漏等事故模拟中的应用,同时介绍了基于CMAQ模型而研发的空气质量预报系统和大气环境容量计算方法,以期提出解决乌鲁木齐大气污染问题的有效方法,为相关领域的科技工作者提供一定的借鉴。     

ICAO英语标准对我国民航空中交通管制人员的影响及对策

基于维护飞行安全,ICAO(国际民航组织)要求全球民航相关飞行和空中交通管制人员2008年达到该组织公布的英语标准。这就要求飞行及空管人员具备良好的英语能力,尤其是扎实的口语(包括听和说)基础。调查结果表明,我国空中交通管制人员管制英语、基础英语都必须加以提高。针对ICAO有关语音、语法和句法结构、词汇应用、流利程度和理解程度等测试标准,采取有效的系统性培训措施,是应对ICAO对我国民航空管人员影响的应对策略。     

An application of a non-homogeneous Poisson model to study PM2.5 exceedances in Mexico City and Bogota

It is very important to study the occurrence of high levels of particulate matter due to the potential harm to people''s health and to the environment. In the present work we use a non-homogeneous Poisson model to analyse the rate of exceedances of particulate matter with diameter smaller that 2.5 microns (PM 2.5). Models with and without change-points are considered and they are applied to data from Bogota, Colombia, and Mexico City, Mexico. Results show that whereas in Bogota larger particles pose a more serious problem, in Mexico City, even though nowadays levels are more controlled, in the recent past PM 2.5 were the ones causing serious problems.     

武汉城防战备与保卫大武汉

武汉地方军事当局自“九一八”事变起即按照国民政府的统一部署,开始了武汉城防战备。根据武汉第一个对日战备计划——1932年制定的《歼灭日人在汉武力计划》,1937年武汉抗战前夕制定的《武汉防空演习工务实施方案》、《武汉警备计划及必要时之处置》（1936年）、《武汉附近非常时期防卫计划》（1937年）、《武汉行营对于武汉附近非常时期防卫纲领》（1937年）、《武汉城防作战计划》（1937年）等多个计划的内容及执行情况,分析论述武汉城防工事及周边野战工事的构建,战时交通通信体系,防空体系,城防作战部署的完善等内容。武汉的城防战备绝不是单纯意义上的一个城市孤立的战备,应把其放在1937年12月开始的武汉抗战的大背景下去审视,去探讨其本身的规律,去总结其经验和教训,从而扩大武汉抗战历史的研究范畴。     

现代商业室内环境中柱的利用与柱式设计

对现代商业室内环境艺术中柱的合理利用及柱的造型设计进行了探讨,并利用大量中外设计实例具体阐述了现代商业室内环境设计中柱的处理及柱式设计的原则与方法。     

重庆地区环境的特殊性与主要矛盾

从地质灾害、水质保护和大气污染等三方面分析了重庆地区环境的特殊性和主要矛盾,并呼吁有关部门必须及时研究和治理。     

Estimation of Average Treatment Effects with Misclassification

This paper considers identification and estimation of the effect of a mismeasured binary regressor in a nonparametric or semiparametric regression, or the conditional average effect of a binary treatment or policy on some outcome where treatment may be misclassified. Failure to account for misclassification is shown to result in attenuation bias in the estimated treatment effect. An identifying assumption that overcomes this bias is the existence of an instrument for the binary regressor that is conditionally independent of the treatment effect. A discrete instrument suffices for nonparametric identification.     

The Risk Screening for Indoor Air Pollution Chemicals in Japan

In recent years, public health problems caused by indoor air pollution have been drawing strong public concern in Japan. After conducting extensive exposure assessment, governmental agencies have taken effective measures to solve the problem; for instance, "Guidelines for indoor air quality (IAQ)" of 13 chemicals, for example, formaldehyde, toluene, and xylene, has been established. Thousands of chemicals have been identified in the indoor environment. Priority rating of those chemicals, however, was not based on the health risk level. We developed a risk-screening scheme for indoor air pollution chemicals and analyzed the current status of the risk levels of those chemicals in Japan. We researched scientific knowledge of health hazards and exposure surveys of indoor air pollution chemicals in Japan, and classified those chemicals based on the health risk level estimated from the scheme. The risk levels of 93 chemicals were characterized and six chemicals (formaldehyde, acrolein, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, benzene, tetrachloroethylene, and benzo(a)pyrene) were classified in the highest risk category.     

空气污染与居民心理健康——基于断点回归的估计

使用2010年和2014年中国家庭动态跟踪调查（CFPS）数据,并基于中国北方冬季集中供暖政策的准自然实验,利用断点回归方法估计空气污染对中国居民心理健康状况的影响。研究发现:（1）空气污染对居民的心理健康有显著的负面作用,通过改变空气污染指标,考虑四种不同的污染物均得出相似的结论。（2）空气污染对心理健康的负面作用大小对不同人群而言具有异质性,其中对省会城市居民、受教育程度较低的居民以及女性居民的心理健康损害程度尤为明显。（3）通过对CES-D量表中抑郁症状的分析发现,空气污染更容易导致人们情绪低落,说明空气污染不仅能通过损害人们的身体健康从而作用于其心理状况,而且能直接影响个人情绪,使人产生焦虑、不安等负面情感,对人们的心理健康带来损害。     

室内环境污染及其防治

室内环境污染对人体健康的影响在世界范围内已引起公众的广泛关注,并形成学术界新的研究热点。文章介绍了室内空气污染物、污染源及对人体的危害等,并结合实际提出了控制室内空气污染的一些防治措施。