两个幂平均不等式的推广

设n≥2的正自然数,0〈θ〈1,a=（a1,a2,…,an）∈（0,＋∞）n,a的调和平均、几何平均、算术平均和θ次幂平均分别设为H（a）、G（a）、A（a）和Mθ（a）.该文将利用最值压缩定理,建立两个与它们有关的不等式,进而推广了一个已知结论.     

线性不等式组的一种新算法

介绍线性不等式组的一种以旋转运算为基础的直接解法。由于这种方法无须添加任何变量,计算用表非常紧凑。不仅使每次迭代的计算量较小,而且可以方便地从理论上分析问题,证明了此算法在每次迭代中按最小下标规则选择入出向量可以避免循环。计算机实验表明,该算法可以非常有效地求解马科维兹的资产组合选择模型。     

Allowing for heterogeneity in the decomposition of measures of inequality in health*

This paper shows how recently developed regression-based methods for the decomposition of health inequality can be extended to incorporate heterogeneity in the responses of health to the explanatory variables. We illustrate our method with an application to the GHQ measure of psychological well-being taken from the British Household Panel Survey. The results suggest that there is an important degree of heterogeneity in the association of health to explanatory variables across birth cohorts and genders which, in turn, accounts for a substantial percentage of the inequality in observed health.*Data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) were supplied by the ESRC Data Archive. Neither the original collectors of the data nor the Archive bear any responsibility for the analysis or interpretations presented here. This chapter derives from the project “The dynamics of income, health and inequality over the lifecycle” (known as the ECuity III Project), which is funded in part by the European Community's Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources programme (contract QLK6-CT-2002-02297) and the project “La dinámica del estado de salud y los factores socieconómicos a lo largo del ciclo vital. Implicaciones para las políticas públicas”, which is supported by the Fundación BBVA.     

Necessary sample sizes for categorial data

This paper deals with the problem how to determine the necessary sample size for the estimation of the parameter π=(π1,...,πk) (πj ≥ 0, Σjπj=1) based on the vector f=(f1,...,fk) of relative frequencies with sample size n. The vector n-f has a multinomial distribution. For a given precision c, 0≤c≤1, and a given confidence number β, 0≤β≤1, there exists a smallest positive integer N⁰=N⁰(β, c, k) with P{|fj−πj|≤c; j=1, ...,k}≥β for all sample sizes n≥N⁰ and for all π. As results are given in this paper exact upper bounds for N⁰ and an improved asymptotical upper bound for N⁰ which is derived from the asymptotical multinormal approximation for the distribution of f.     

Beyond class and nation: reframing social inequalities in a globalizing world

From the start individualization theory is the investigation of the paradigm shift in social inequality. Furthermore it shows, how the transnationalization of social inequalities bursts the framework of institutional responses – nation state (parties), trade unions, welfare state systems and the national sociologies of social classes. In this essay I shall try to conceptually elucidate the ‘cosmopolitan perspective’ on relations of social inequality in three cases: (1) the inequality of global risk; (2) the Europe‐wide dynamic of inequality; and (3) transnational inequalities, which emerge from the capacities and resources to transcend borders. Before that I take up Will Atkinson's question: ‘What exactly constitutes individualization and to what extent has it really displaced class?’ ( Atkinson 2007 : Abstract)     

Neoliberalism With a Community Face? A Critical Analysis of Asset-Based Community Development in Scotland

In this article, we trace the ideological and social policy roots of asset-based community development (ABCD) in the United States and the United Kingdom, and explore how this approach has been legitimized in Scotland. We argue that ABCD is a capitulation to neoliberal values of individualization and privatization. Drawing on findings from our empirical work, we discuss how ABCD generates dilemmas for community development. Although some practitioners are able to adapt ABCD to focus on renewing Scottish democracy, several practitioners are using ABCD to privatize public issues such as inequality and justify dramatic cuts to the Scottish welfare state.     

Inference for Parameters Defined by Moment Inequalities: A Recommended Moment Selection Procedure

This paper is concerned with tests and confidence intervals for parameters that are not necessarily point identified and are defined by moment inequalities. In the literature, different test statistics, critical‐value methods, and implementation methods (i.e., the asymptotic distribution versus the bootstrap) have been proposed. In this paper, we compare these methods. We provide a recommended test statistic, moment selection critical value, and implementation method. We provide data‐dependent procedures for choosing the key moment selection tuning parameter κ and a size‐correction factor η.     

Wavelet Thresholding Estimation in a Poissonian Interactions Model with Application to Genomic Data

This paper deals with the study of dependencies between two given events modelled by point processes. In particular, we focus on the context of DNA to detect favoured or avoided distances between two given motifs along a genome suggesting possible interactions at a molecular level. For this, we naturally introduce a so‐called reproduction function h that allows to quantify the favoured positions of the motifs and that is considered as the intensity of a Poisson process. Our first interest is the estimation of this function h assumed to be well localized. The estimator based on random thresholds achieves an oracle inequality. Then, minimax properties of on Besov balls are established. Some simulations are provided, proving the good practical behaviour of our procedure. Finally, our method is applied to the analysis of the dependence between promoter sites and genes along the genome of the Escherichia coli bacterium.