非对称信息、信贷配给与中小企业间接融资缺口的经济学分析

中小企业在我国经济建设中起着不可低估的作用,为我国的经济发展做出了巨大的贡献。然而,由于中小企业和银行之间存在着信息的非对称性,从而导致银行在信贷市场上面临着严重的道德风险和逆向选择。银行由此对中小企业实施信贷配给,致使中小企业融资难,通过建立中小企业间接融资缺口模型来证实这一问题,并由此做出相应的经济学分析。     

对城市公用事业市场化改革道路的探讨

当前我国公用事业改革和发展,落后于我国整体的改革和发展步伐。我国城市公用事业现行体制存在的问题主要表现为政企合一、权责不清,生产经营的低效率,成本高、经营效益差,投资主体单一等。同时公用事业自身具备通过市场化来运营的特征和有利条件,因此可以采用特许经营、资本市场融资、BOT项目融资等方式作为其市场化改革的途径。在改革的过程中,必须正确理解公用事业的市场化改革,统筹兼顾,全面推进,逐步深化,坚持普遍服务的原则,特别要注意保护弱势群体的权益。因此城市公用事业改革不能完全按照市场经济的规律运作。     

广州城市发展的资金来源与对策分析

广州被中央定位为五大国家中心城市之一，明确了广州的城市定位和发展方向。广州必须进行经济发展方式的转变和投资，以实现国家中心城市所具备的指标。因此，如何解决巨额投资资金来源急需探讨。本文分析广州融资体系的现状，提出广州需建立一个传统模式和资本市场新模式双结合的现代融资体系。     

中小企业融资难的现状、原因及若干对策建议

目前中小企业融资难是比较突出的问题,究其原因既有现有政策的缺陷和受市场环境的影响,也和中小企业自身条件有关。因而解决中小企业融资难的问题,既要完善相关政策,拓宽融资渠道,中小企业自身也要创造条件以适应融资需要。     

Exploring Policy and Financing Options for Long-Term Care in Taiwan

Summary

Policy and financing arrangements for long-term care are important themes in each country and/or region, and Taiwan, with its unique historic and politico-economic background, can be regarded as a bridge between well-developed and under-developed countries. Policy formulation about long-term care in Taiwan involves several agencies in the government, including Ministry of Health, Interior Affairs, Education, Insurance Bureau, and Economic Council, and formulation of policy objectives has progressed considerably in the last five years. Financing arrangements are less well-developed because the National Health Insurance Program began only in 1995, and most long-term care is not yet covered. As demand for long-term care exceeds supply, and this gap will grow in future, current resource allocation measures are concerned to facilitate the expansion of community care rather than allowing institutional care to absorb more resources. Developing future financing options is now a central task for policymaking, and government must continue to take a leading role in consolidating financing and integrating the service systems.     

Materials receiving capacity and inventory management

This paper analyses the optimal level of materials receiving capacity for a manufacturer that receives deliveries from many suppliers. Inventory levels and inventory carrying costs depend on the frequency of deliveries and thus, on the materials receiving capacity. An analytic model that captures the tradeoff between inventory costs and materials receiving costs is presented and discussed. The receiving cost is modeled as increasing in discrete jumps of varying sizes whenever materials receiving resources are added. Practical issues in implementing the model are highlighted and methods to reduce the marginal materials receiving cost are discussed. The paper also discusses connections to the JIT approach for production environments where materials receiving is heavily automated.     

大型医院血液库存系统订货点决策的仿真研究

血液是一种典型的易变质物品。本文以国内某大型医院的血液库存系统为对象,依照其运作流程,基于该系统运行的历史数据建立了一个离散事件系统仿真模型对这一系统进行研究,得到了该系统的最优订货点。本文的研究有助于血液库存管理措施的制定与改进,对其它易变质物品库存系统的管理也有一定的借鉴作用。     

回收物流库存控制研究

本文探讨了包含回收品的库存系统。回收物流库存中既有一般生产过程的新产品,也有经再制造的回收品,使其最优库存策略非常复杂,论文推导出不同控制方式下的EOQ模型,以确定最优生产和再制造批量。此外,还对求得的最优批量进行适当的调整,以确保在循环周期中的定货次数为整数。该模型形式、结构简单易于在实践中应用。     

Machine learning for multi-criteria inventory classification applied to intermittent demand

Multi-criteria inventory classification groups inventory items into classes, each of which is managed by a specific re-order policy according to its priority. However, the tasks of inventory classification and control are not carried out jointly if the classification criteria and the classification approach are not robustly established from an inventory-cost perspective. Exhaustive simulations at the single item level of the inventory system would directly solve this issue by searching for the best re-order policy per item, thus achieving the subsequent optimal classification without resorting to any multi-criteria classification method. However, this would be very time-consuming in real settings, where a large number of items need to be managed simultaneously.

In this article, a reduction in simulation effort is achieved by extracting from the population of items a sample on which to perform an exhaustive search of best re-order policies per item; the lowest cost classification of in-sample items is, therefore, achieved. Then, in line with the increasing need for ICT tools in the production management of Industry 4.0 systems, supervised classifiers from the machine learning research field (i.e. support vector machines with a Gaussian kernel and deep neural networks) are trained on these in-sample items to learn to classify the out-of-sample items solely based on the values they show on the features (i.e. classification criteria). The inventory system adopted here is suitable for intermittent demands, but it may also suit non-intermittent demands, thus providing great flexibility. The experimental analysis of two large datasets showed an excellent accuracy, which suggests that machine learning classifiers could be implemented in advanced inventory classification systems.     

论构建苏州中小企业信用担保体系

改革开放以来,我市经济总量有了巨大的发展,在中小企业中占有绝对优势的民营企业发展迅猛,已成为我市经济发展中的一个新的增长点。但是融资难是当前制约中小企业迅速发展的一大瓶颈,也是民营企业主反映较为强烈的问题。解决融资难的对策之一是建立、完善企业外部融资机制,成立我市中小企业信用担保机构。