机器翻译中的多义问题探析

机器翻译(MachineTranslation)是自然语言处理中的一个研究分支,其发展应建立在完善的语言学研究的基础上。词义学层面中词性的多样性、词义的多义性和格的多义性,语用学层面中的指示多义性及会话含义多义性给机器翻译造成了障碍,而加强机译系统中的词典研究,重视机译系统中上下文的处理,设计强有力的机译文法体系则是解决这些问题的有效途径。     

汉英平行语料库双语语义对应空位研究

双语词语语义对应空位现象是英汉互译的常见障碍。在建立英汉平行语料库的过程中,这也是无法回避的问题。本文拟总结目前已建成的一些语料库处理这一问题的习惯方式,并在此基础上借鉴机器翻译研究领域的理论成果,试图做出更加细致的分析并提出更加可行的解决方案。     

Pool‐Point Distribution of Zero‐Inventory Products

We study zero‐inventory production‐distribution systems under pool‐point delivery. The zero‐inventory production and distribution paradigm is supported in a variety of industries in which a product cannot be inventoried because of its short shelf life. The advantages of pool‐point (or hub‐and‐spoke) distribution, explored extensively in the literature, include the efficient use of transportation resources and effective day‐to‐day management of operations. The setting of our analysis is as follows: A production facility (plant) with a finite production rate distributes its single product, which cannot be inventoried, to several pool points. Each pool point may require multiple truckloads to satisfy its customers' demand. A third‐party logistics provider then transports the product to individual customers surrounding each pool point. The production rate can be increased up to a certain limit by incurring additional cost. The delivery of the product is done by identical trucks, each having limited capacity and non‐negligible traveling time between the plant and the pool points. Our objective is to coordinate the production and transportation operations so that the total cost of production and distribution is minimized, while respecting the product lifetime and the delivery capacity constraints. This study attempts to develop intuition into zero‐inventory production‐distribution systems under pool‐point delivery by considering several variants of the above setting. These include multiple trucks, a modifiable production rate, and alternative objectives. Using a combination of theoretical analysis and computational experiments, we gain insights into optimizing the total cost of a production‐delivery plan by understanding the trade‐off between production and transportation.     

Reserving Capacity for Urgent Patients in Primary Care

This paper examines the effect of the common practice of reserving slots for urgent patients in a primary health care practice on two service quality measures: the average number of urgent patients that are not handled during normal hours (either handled as overtime, referred to other physicians, or referred to the emergency room) and the average queue of non‐urgent or routine patients. We formulate a stochastic model of appointment scheduling in a primary care practice. We conduct numerical experiments to optimize the performance of this system accounting for revenue and these two service quality measures as a function of the number of reserved slots for urgent patients. We compare traditional methods with the advanced‐access system advocated by some physicians, in which urgent slots are not reserved, and evaluate the conditions under which alternative appointment scheduling mechanisms are optimal. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of patient arrival dynamics to their relative performance finding that encouraging routine patients to call for same‐day appointments is a key ingredient for the success of advanced‐access.     

The Surgical Scheduling Problem: Current Research and Future Opportunities

This paper reviews the general problem of surgical scheduling. We organize the literature based on the time frame or planning horizon of the schedule into six categories: capacity planning, process reengineering/redesign, the surgical services portfolio, procedure duration estimation, schedule construction, and schedule execution, monitoring, and control. We survey past work and suggest topics for potential future research in each of those areas.     

谈受限汉语在机器翻译中的运用——以中文简历英译为例

随着国际交流的深入,越来越多的中国人需要把中文简历翻译成英文。但是,简历汉语的特殊性使机器翻译还存有许多不足,导致汉译英的简历表达不尽如人意。要解决这一问题,就有必要对简历中汉语的词汇、句法和语义等进行限制,并建立翻译句模,以简化句子结构,减少或消除汉语表达的歧义,从而提高机器翻译系统的译文质量。受限汉语和句模在机器翻译中的应用,可以推广到饭店订餐和房间预订等受限领域的机器翻译系统中。     

机器翻译系统的历史与研究现状分析

机器翻译系统的研究发展已有50多年的历史,应用领域也由原本的单一局限扩展为如今更广的范围。一些旨在提高并改善机器翻译系统翻译质量的研究正在陆续进行,但如何能更好地探索机器翻译的新理论和新技术,满足用户的使用需求,解决机器翻译系统存在的问题,仍是研究者面临的严峻考验。     

CRTSⅡ型轨道板翻转机主梁结构的有限元分析

通过研究CRTSⅡ型轨道板翻转机的翻转过程,结合传统翻转机的翻转过程,对传统翻转机的主梁结构进行改进。改进后的翻转机主梁采用箱式结构,这种主梁结构更紧凑,并且容易加工。对改进的翻转机主梁结构进行有限元分析,结果表明,改进后的箱式主梁结构满足强度和稳定性要求,可以实现在翻转过程中结构稳定,为主梁结构的优化设计提供依据。     

关键链动态缓冲监控方法研究

缓冲管理是约束理论的一个重要管理方法,重要的监控机制和管理手段。本文针对项目执行的动态环境,提出了动态缓冲监控法。它根据项目的实际执行情况,来动态计算缓冲大小,动态设定监控点,动态调整两个监控触发点的高低,从而实时衡量项目实际进度和初始计划之间的差异,以便让项目经理及时采取正确的行动使得项目最终按时完工。最后,通过一个算例,将本文方法和CCPM中的绝对缓冲监控法和相对缓冲监控法进行了比较,验证了本文所提方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于WiMAX的调度算法综述

随着无线网络的发展,网络服务质量（Qos）也越来越成为用户和运营商共同关心的问题。保障Qos的问题实质上是一个分配和调度用户间资源的问题。调度算法的目的在于最优化系统的资源分配从而保障Qos,最大化系统的吞吐量,最小化系统能量消耗。本文简要综述在信道状态已知的情况下的调度算法。