制造业效率区域差异及其影响因素分析——基于中国省级面板数据的研究

制造业的发展关系到第二产业乃至整个国民经济的发展,制造业的增长是中国工业经济增长的主导力量。本文运用数据包络分析法,测度了制造业各行业及中国各省制造业效率情况,然后利用中国省级制造业效率指标以及专利申请、地区经济发展水平等制造业效率影响因素的外延数据构成面板数据（Panel Data）建立模型。通过实证分析得出：地区经济的发展有利于制造业效率的提升。专利申请与制造业效率呈负相关。     

中国制造业集聚：度量与显著性检验 ——基于集聚测量新方法

 根据集聚分布的自身特点,本文提出了可以进行显著性检验的普适性产业集聚指数,并对我国28制造业1994年的860个样本和2004年800个样本进行测量和检验,我们的计算结果表明,中国制造业的集聚强度总体上呈上升趋势,同时具有集聚和扩散双重现象。     

Supply Chain Strategies and International Tax Arbitrage

What motivates the geographic footprint of the supply chains that multinational firms (MNFs) deploy? Traditional research in the operations and supply chain management literature tends to recommend locations primarily based on differentials in production costs and the ramifications of physical distance ignoring the role of taxation. MNFs that strategically position parts of their supply chains in low‐tax locations can allocate the profits across the divisions to improve post‐tax profits. For the profit allocation to be defensible to tax authorities, the divisional operations must possess real decision authority and bear meaningful risks. Generally speaking, the greater the transfer of risk and control, the larger the allowable allocation of profit. These transfers may also create inefficiencies due to misalignment of business goals and attitudes toward risk. We model these trade‐offs in the context of placing in a low‐tax region a subsidiary that oversees product distribution (as a limited risk distributor commissionnaire, limited risk distributor, or fully fledged distributor). Our analysis demonstrates that the MNF's preferences regarding the operating structures are not necessarily an obvious ordering based on the amount of risk and decision authority transferred to the division in the low‐tax jurisdiction. We derive and analyze threshold values of the performance parameters that describe the main trade‐offs involved in selecting an operating structure. We find some of the optimal decisions to exhibit interesting non‐monotone behavior. For instance, profits can increase when the tax rate in the low‐tax jurisdiction increases. Numerical analysis shows that the Limited‐Risk Distributor structure is rarely optimal and quantifies when each alternative dominates it.     

气候变化背景下中国低碳制造发展研究

制造业是我国经济发展的重要支柱,也是实现低碳减排的主要战场。建立低碳制造评价指标体系,结合主成分分析法和层次分析法,可对我国制造业的低碳发展进行定量的研究评价,并从制造业低碳经济、低碳技术和低碳环境三方面分析对碳排放的影响。我国的低碳制造水平整体呈上升趋势,未来,我国的制造业既要保持高速发展,同时也要向低碳经济转型,发展低碳技术,调整能源结构。     

具有网络外部性的产品兼容性决策分析

通过Stachelberg竞争模型,本文研究了在具有网络外部性的市场中,拥有专有技术的主导厂商对其兼容技术的授权动机问题。并且得到了主导厂商在纵向兼容决策中最优厂商数量的控制的关系。     

三级装备制造业供应链质量管理行为研究

作为我国工业化建设和国民经济发展的根本保证,供应链环境下装备制造企业的产品质量问题受到了广泛关注。本文重点考虑产品质量对供应链收益的影响,运用微分对策理论研究由单一制造商、单一部件供应商和单一零件供应商构成的三级装备制造业供应链质量管理行为的协调问题。通过对比Nash非合作博弈和Stackelberg主从博弈两种分散式决策模式及集中式决策模式下协同合作博弈的均衡结果,得到相关结论,并利用算例进行验证。研究表明,①分散式决策下,制造商的质量管理行为相同,但相比于Nash非合作博弈,Stackelberg主从博弈能够改善部件供应商和零件供应商的质量管理行为,提升供应链成员的收益水平;②集中式决策下,供应链成员的质量管理行为达到最优,系统整体收益实现最大。研究结论为装备制造业供应链成员间质量管理战略联盟的构建提供了理论依据。     

制造系统生产单元碳排放核算模型

制造业是我国国民经济的支柱产业,但也是环境污染物排放的主要来源、能源消耗主体和温室气体排放大户。制造系统高能耗、高物耗、高碳排放的加工过程是造成制造业碳排放量大的重要原因。生产单元作为制造系统的加工的主体,其碳排放量的核算是确定整个制造系统乃至制造业碳排放总量的关键。本文首先对生产单元的原材料、电能、辅助物料及废屑处理所引起的碳排放进行分析,确定生产单元的碳排放源;其次,产品合格率的不同会造成生产单元输入及输出的成品/半成品数量的差异,进而影响生产单元单位产品的碳排放量,在此基础上,综合考虑了原材料、电能、辅助物料及废屑处理的碳排放情况,构建了给定工艺流程下生产单元碳排放核算模型。最后,结合一汽车排气装置加工实例,分别核算加工过程中九个生产单元的碳排放量,验证了模型的可行性。     

数据赋能驱动制造业企业实现敏捷制造案例研究

  世界经济的发展呼唤先进制造理念和制造技术,敏捷制造受到学者的广泛关注。制造业企业通过了解实现敏捷制造的过程机理,可以使其灵活地运用各种先进生产技术促成敏捷制造。然而,已有对制造业企业实现敏捷制造过程的研究缺少契合当前情景的视角以及完整、清晰的探究。         鉴于此,引入赋能概念,从数据驱动的视角对青岛酷特智能公司的研发、生产和营销3个阶段进行深入分析,结合扎根理论的3级编码技术,构建制造业企业通过数据赋能实现敏捷制造的过程模型。在已有研究基础上,构建敏捷制造的开放式概念框架,通过调研访谈、实地考察等方式获得分析数据,分析并构建制造业企业实现敏捷制造的过程模型,结合已有研究对该模型进行进一步讨论和完善。研究过程严格遵循理论构建的理论-实践-理论研究逻辑。         研究结果表明,企业的敏捷制造能力可以通过高效对接消费者需求与资源以及提高中间对接环节的效率来打造。从数据驱动视角看,数据化、标准化和联网化是制造业企业实现敏捷制造的核心所在。一方面,数据化和标准化可以提高数据的可接入性和流通性,减少制造加工环节的延缓;另一方面,联网化可以让需求数据直接对接企业的资源和制造过程的设备,进而实现资源的自动整合,打造企业高响应速度、高质量、低成本的供给。         从数据驱动视角构建的敏捷制造过程模型系统详细地解释了制造业企业通过数据赋能实现敏捷制造的过程,完善和拓展了关于敏捷制造的研究,为未来敏捷制造实证研究提供了一定的研究基础和启示。此外,为了给企业实践提供更加详细、明确的指导,给出基于数据赋能驱动制造业企业实现敏捷制造的实践指导步骤。     

Catch-up as a Survival Strategy in the Solar Power Industry

We evaluate the strategies of the emerging market firms in the context of nascent industries. We use the Indian solar power industry as the empirical setting, against the backdrop of the evolution of the global industry, While in traditional industries emerging market firms learn from advanced economy multinational enterprises (MNEs) and slowly upgrade their capabilities, in the intensely competitive environment of nascent innovative industries, emerging market firms are exposed to global competition in their home market right from the early years. This shortens their catch-up clock. As a result, their long-term survival depends on their ability to catch-up fast, both in output and innovation capabilities. In the solar power industry, we find that innovations stem, in the main, from advanced economy firms. Further, Chinese firms are beginning to move from cost-based imitation to innovation. In contrast, with a few key exceptions, most firms in the Indian solar industry remain locked within a narrow niche of downstream site-based installation. Their operations are opportunistic, short term, and without specific catch-up goals, a scenario that does not bode well for the industry's future in India.