耐心资本、数字经济与创新效率——基于制造业A股上市公司的经验证据

在创新活动与融资活动联系日益紧密的背景下,资本的特征与属性成为构建“科技-产业-金融”高水平循环的重要因素。理论层面,将具有长期导向和治理作用的股权与债权置于“耐心资本”框架下,分析其对制造业企业创新效率的影响效应与内在机制,提出“耐心”是长期的合作关系与监督治理作用,而“效率”是对创新资源的有效利用,两者能够兼容,即长期导向能够促进效率提升。实证层面,基于制造业A股上市公司2011—2022年数据进行实证检验结果表明:首先,耐心资本有效促进了制造业企业创新效率的提升,其中关系型债权的促进作用更为明显,并且相较于建构创新,耐心资本更能促进高价值、高风险的模块创新。其次,耐心资本能够缓解信息不对称、缓解委托代理冲突,进而促进制造业企业提升创新效率。再次,数字经济在耐心资本促进制造业企业创新效率提升的过程中具有正向的调节作用,其中城市数字经济水平的提高显著增强了关系型债权的促进作用,而企业数字化转型程度的提升更能增强战略型股权的促进作用。最后,耐心资本更能促进市场势力较弱、处于成长期和成熟期的制造业企业提升创新效率。基于研究结论,政策建议如下:积极培育耐心资本,充分发挥耐心资本在降低信息摩擦、优化公司治理方面的优势;全面发展数字经济,为耐心资本参与制造业企业创新治理提供有利的条件和有效的工具;引导不同类型的耐心资本与处在不同发展阶段、面临不同市场结构的制造业企业有效匹配。     

On the Advantage of Quantity Leadership When Outsourcing Production to a Competitive Contract Manufacturer

This study investigates a supply chain comprising an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a contract manufacturer (CM), in which the CM acts as both upstream partner and downstream competitor to the OEM. The two parties can engage in one of three Cournot competition games: a simultaneous game, a sequential game with the OEM as the Stackelberg leader, and a sequential game with the CM as the Stackelberg leader. On the basis of these three basic games, this study investigates the two parties' Stackelberg leadership/followership decisions. When the outsourcing quantity and wholesale price are exogenously given, either party may prefer Stackelberg leadership or followership. For example, when the wholesale price or the proportion of production outsourced to the CM is lower than a threshold value, both parties prefer Stackelberg leadership and, consequently, play a simultaneous game in the consumer market. When the outsourcing quantity and wholesale price are decision variables, the competitive CM sets a wholesale price sufficiently low to allow both parties to coexist in the market, and the OEM outsources its entire production to this CM. This study also examines the impact of the supply chain parties' bargaining power on contract outcomes by considering a wholesale price that is determined via the generalized Nash bargaining scheme, finding a Stackelberg equilibrium to be sustained when the CM's degree of bargaining power is great and the non‐competitive CM's wholesale price is high.     

A Nonatomic‐Game Approach to Dynamic Pricing under Competition

We study a revenue management problem involving competing firms. We assume the presence of a continuum of infinitesimal firms where no individual firm has any discernable influence over the evolution of the overall market condition. Under this nonatomic‐game approach, the unanimous adoption of an equilibrium pricing policy by all firms will yield a market‐condition process that in turn will elicit the said policy as one of the best individual responses. For both deterministic‐ and stochastic‐demand cases, we show the existence of equilibrium pricing policies that exhibit well‐behaving monotone trends. Our computational study reveals many useful insights, including the fact that only a reasonable number of firms are needed for our approach to produce near‐rational pricing policies.     

Design of Stockless Production Systems

In make‐to‐stock production systems finished goods are produced in anticipation of demand. By contrast, in stockless production systems finished goods are not produced until demand is observed. In this study we investigate the problem of designing a multi‐item manufacturing system, where there is both demand‐ and production‐related uncertainty, so that stockless operation will be optimal for all items. For the problem of interest, we focus on gaining an understanding of the effect of two design variables: (i) manufacturing speed—measured by the average manufacturing rate or, equivalently, the average unit manufacturing time, and (ii) manufacturing consistency—measured by the variation in unit manufacturing times. We establish conditions on these two variables that decision makers can use to design stockless production systems. Managerial implications of the conditions are also discussed.     

关于先进制造技术实训基地建设的思考

根据当前先进制造技术的发展趋势和制造业对高素质创新型和应用型机械专业人才的需求,阐述了先进制造技术实训基地建设的重要性,提出了我校先进制造技术实训基地深层次建设的一些想法和思路,使先进制造技术实训基地真正成为我校机械专业师生实践教学和科学研究的技术平台,为社会输送掌握先进制造技术的合格人才。     

江西省制造业低碳制造转型的影响因素研究

在“低碳经济”“节能减排”等背景下,江西省制造业面临能耗高、效率低、碳排放高等问题,需要向“低碳化”发展,进行低碳制造转型。通过对江西省制造业能源使用现状情况进行分析,发现了制造业低碳转型面临的主要问题;基于此,结合已有的研究成果,提出江西省制造业低碳转型的影响因素;然后通过问卷调研收集数据,采用因子分析方法对低碳转型的关键影响因素进行分析,为江西省制造业实现低碳制造转型提供策略和建议。     

Patterns of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Utilization and Manufacturing Capabilities

The objectives of this research are first to empirically replicate Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) utilization taxonomies identified in foregoing research, second to investigate the relationship between patterns of AMT utilization and manufacturing capabilities attainment, and third to explore differences in context, and performance across AMT groups. Theories of performance frontiers and capability progression provide the basis for our hypotheses. Data were collected from 224 U.S. manufacturing plants in industries considered to have potential utilizations of AMTs. A cluster analysis of the data yields a solution that closely resembles a previous AMT utilization taxonomy, including four groups labeled, respectively, as Traditionalists, Generalists, High Investors, and Designers. Significant manufacturing capability differences across these four groups indicate that plants that utilize a broader scope of AMTs enjoy a greater breadth of manufacturing capabilities. The implied capability attainment pattern is consistent with cumulative capability theory. However, the results suggest that cost capability is not included in the capability mix when broad‐based AMT utilization is the enabler of capability gains. A post hoc exploration of the AMT groups indicates significant differences in performance across the groups. Collectively, the results extend prior research by providing added insights into the possible rationale and impact of AMT utilization patterns.     

民企竞争贷款过程中行为扭曲的经济学分析

现有的融资制度下,国有企业相对于民营企业具有融资上的制度禀赋优势,这导致了民营企业在与国有企业竞争贷款资源过程中的扭曲行为。本文运用两期模型证明了这一命题,并且认为,如果不提高贷款机构对借款人使用贷款行为的监督能力,单纯强调政企分开并不能解决民营企业竞争贷款过程中的行为扭曲问题。     

制造业集聚与城镇化的互动关系研究——来自衡阳市2000－2016年的经验证据

文章通过建立VAR模型并采用衡阳市2000－2016年的时间序列数据考察了制造业集聚与城镇化之间的互动关系。研究结果显示:制造业集聚与城镇化之间存在长期稳定的协整关系,并在此基础上运用Granger因果检验方法得出它们之间具有双向的因果关系;制造业集聚与城镇化都存在自我发展的惯性现象;不管是在短期还是在长期中,制造业集聚对城镇化具有显著的负面影响,而城镇化对制造业集聚的抑制效果仅表现在短期中,长期影响效果甚微;在考察期内,导致制造业集聚和城镇化的波动主要还是自身因素,但制造业集聚对城镇化的影响效果仍不容忽视。最后,结合衡阳市的实际情况对制造业集聚与城镇化发展提出了相应的政策建议。     

制造业集聚对新型城镇化的影响研究——基于空间溢出效应的视角

文章依据2014—2020年《国家新型城镇化规划》,构建了中国新型城镇化水平综合评价体系,并基于熵权法测算了2003—2015年中国大陆31个省份新型城镇化水平。在此基础上,通过构建空间杜宾模型,考察了中国制造业集聚的空间交互效应,并在控制了对外出口、金融发展以及财政支出的情况下研究了制造业集聚对新型城镇化的影响。研究结果表明：中国制造业集聚具有显著的空间依赖特征,表现出明显的"集聚俱乐部"现象。制造业集聚显著地推动了中国新型城镇化建设,同时其空间溢出效应明显,在推动本地区新型城镇化的同时还能有力地带动周边地区新型城镇化的发展。地方财政支出的增加有助于显著推动新型城镇化建设,并且地区之间财政行为存在空间互动,邻近地区通过扩大财政支出也能刺激本地区的新型城镇化建设。同时,对外出口和金融发展也是新型城镇化建设中不可或缺的力量,但其空间溢出效应却不明显,并未对周边地区产生明显的影响。对此,建议应该以产业集聚区作为城市功能外溢的核心地区,不断完善集聚区相关配套的基础设施和公共服务体系,实现产城融合的良性发展态势。