基于核心制造规范的外包决策模型及实证研究

本文将制造规范概念引入外包决策,从考虑企业长期绩效和长期竞争力的角度提出了一个以制造规范核心度和流失度为控制变量的二维外包决策模型。决策模型将外包环境分为九种类型,涵盖了从内部制造、各种形式的外包,到简单采购等所有"买或做"的决策,尤其是对介于自制与简单采购之间灰色地带的外包,给出了考虑提供制造规范主体和供应商类型的不同类型合作和联盟治理结构策略。对四个不同类型的企业典型产品近1000个零件的外包决策进行了统计分析,实证了模型的有效性。模型对现实世界观察到的制造企业由于没有按照其中规律行事而导致失败的原因做出了合理而明确解释。     

生产性企业组织学习最优控制模型及其理论分析

运用最优控制理论研究生产性企业组织学习活动的动态最优决策问题.以企业的概念性学习投资率和操作性学习投资率为决策变量,累积知识量、生产率、单位成本和废品率等为状态变量,计划期内的总利润为指标函数,建立了一个最优控制模型,其特点在于规范地描绘概念性学习和操作性学习对企业累积知识量、生产率、单位成本、质量以及企业利润的动态影响.根据生产性企业组织学习和生产经营的实际情况,提出了一些定量化表达的假设和定义.在假设和定义的基础上利用最大值原理分析了所建立的模型,获得了关于动态最优概念性学习投资策略和操作性学习投资策略性质的一些结论,将这些结论与实际问题相结合,指出了在生产性企业组织学习实践上的含义.     

Understanding the emergence of redistributed manufacturing: an ambidexterity perspective

Abstract

This paper extends operations strategy theory on efficiency and flexibility trade-offs to the emergent phenomenon of redistributed manufacturing (RDM). The study adopts a multiple-case design including five small and five large pharmaceutical firms. We propose that organizations can gain the efficiency benefits of centralized manufacturing and the flexibility advantages of RDM by building an ambidexterity capability. To build such a capability, large firms can structurally partition their manufacturing and supply management functions, with one sub-unit managing centralized production and the other RDM. Smaller enterprises can build an ambidexterity capability by creating the right organizational context, where multi-skilled workers switch between efficient and flexible tasks. This paper contributes to theory by explaining the emergence of RDM using an organizational ambidexterity lens, laying the groundwork for new theory development in the field. We provide managers with a practical example of how to build an ambidexterity capability to realize flexibility and efficiency advantages.     

从MRPⅡ看销售核算子系统的未来发展

MRPII为制造业提供了一种科学的管理思想和有效的信息处理手段 ,它的有效利用可为企业获得良好的经济效益 ,值得注意的是 :供、销是实现MRPII思想的同时又是维持生产平衡的两大“咽喉”环节。本文从MRPII系统的角度论述了销售核算子系统的重要地位 ,同时论述了销售核算子系统与其他模块之间的关系 ,就MRPII的发展、管理的发展、计算机技术的发展、电子商务的兴起等方面探讨了未来我国销售核算子系统的设计     

制造柔性的期权特征及其经济价值度量方法

本文分析了制造柔性的内涵,对其从生产状态变化的目标和产生来源进行了分类,并对制造柔性从期权的视角重新加以了表述.然后提出当存在市场需求、产品价格和可变成本三种不确定源的情形下制造柔性的多阶段期权定价模型,最后结合蒙特卡洛法实现了对项目投资决策阶段柔性经济价值的度量.     

先进制造技术与企业组织管理模式的变革与创新

实施了先进制造技术的企业由于生产模式的转变 ,出现了系统化 ,集成化等新特点 ,传统组织管理模式与先进制造技术的要求之间存在着许多矛盾和冲突 ,必须按顾客驱动 ,柔性化等原则对企业组织管理模式进行变革与创新 ,才能发挥先进制造技术的优势     

Multimedia in manufacturing

Multimedia is promoted as the technology for the future from the perspective of applications and its role in improving enterprise integration and management effectiveness. As yet few useful applications are found in business and manufacturing. Nevertheless, a growing number of businesses are looking to multimedia for real-life business solutions. Computerized production management systems have enjoyed the same growth and popularity as the personal computers and workstations on which they run. The application of multimedia in various functional areas of manufacturing such as marketing, design and engineering, production and distribution has tremendous potential, taking into account its capacity to integrate text, drawings, full-vector graphics, and full-motion video. Multimedia can also be used as an open development framework for manufacturing applications, especially in CAD, CAE and CAM, by providing users with tools to re-engineer and integrate product and process information. Advances in telecommunications and associated technological developments. Like the personal communicator and the video phone will increasingly add to the importance of multimedia in modern manufacturing. In addition, the future of manufacturing depends crucially on a well-trained employee base. Consequently, interactive video-based training programs appear ideal for jobs that have a high level of human error. In factories, computers and interactive video have been widely used. Realizing the importance of multimedia in manufacturing, especially in the process of enterprise integration and integrating the functional areas of manufacturing, an attempt has been made to investigate the applications of multimedia and identify some future research directions.     

Impact of Hazardous Substances Regulations on Small Firms in Delaware and New Jersey

Regulations under the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act impose significant requirements on firms handling hazardous chemicals. The nature of the regulations would suggest that small firms, because of limited resources and other structural limitations, would experience more difficulty complying with the regulations than large firms. To understand the difficulties imposed by the regulations on small firms, we interviewed ten small firms in Delaware and New Jersey, states with existing hazardous regulations similar to those being considered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and evaluated their responses to state regulations. The impacts of the environmental regulations on the firms and on the risk levels of their businesses are discussed. Propositions for research into small firms compliance are developed. Possible means for reducing the regulatory burden on small firms while enhancing regulatory effectiveness are suggested.     

浅谈机械制造工艺学之教学

机械制造工艺学课是机械类专业的专业基础课,具有较强的实践性。教师应根据这门课的特点和要求,钻研教材内容,合理安排教学,激发学生的学习积极性,提高教学质量。     

论全球化背景下中国制造业企业的持续发展

全球化浪潮的不断兴起预示着全球化新时代的来临,日益呈现出的经济、市场、制造全球化已成为其主要特征,这对于被席卷入其中的中国制造业企业而言,走向全球化谋求持续发展已极具必然性与重要性.结合对较为成功、典型的海尔、格兰仕、TCL全球化发展模式的分析,揭示出中国制造业企业持续发展需紧抓的一些关键着力点,以期为中国众多制造业企业参与全球竞争、获取持续发展提供一定的指导与参考.