论商品包装的道德负面影响及其规范

商品包装的影响力已远远超出商业经济领域,日益成为我们日常生活中的一部分,并引起人们的广泛关注,尤其是商品包装的道德负面影响问题更成为争论的焦点.有关商品包装对道德负面影响的表现、成因及其规范措施值得探讨.     

浅谈企业制定发展战略的关键环节

企业的生存和发展,与外部环境及内部条件有着密切的关系。因此,只有把握外部环境的现状和将来的变化趋向,优化内部资源,制定正确的发展战略和行之有效的实施措施,才能促使企业持续健康发展。     

行政执法职务犯罪：类型、逻辑与对策

行政执法职务犯罪是一种严重的腐败形式，主要类型有徇私型、交易型、占有型、渎职型和滥用型，其犯罪过程有其权力逻辑、制度逻辑和利益逻辑因素。预防和治理行政执法职务犯罪，应当创新执法体制，改进执法方式，强化执法责任。     

国际体坛反兴奋剂的经济学分析

国际体坛反兴奋剂问题不仅是法律问题、政治问题、医学问题,也是一个经济学问题。本文通过建立一个简单的效用函数,分析了运动员使用兴奋剂的成本和收益因素,并根据这些因素,提出了通过提高运动员使用兴奋剂行为的预期成本来减少兴奋剂使用行为的一些措施。     

Bayesian incorporation of repeated measurements in logistic discrimination

A common problem in medical statistics is the discrimination between two groups on the basis of diagnostic information. Information on patient characteristics is used to classify individuals into one of two groups: diseased or disease-free. This classification is often with respect to a particular disease. This discrimination has two probabilistic components: (1) the discrimination is not without error, and (2) in many cases the a priori chance of disease can be estimated. Logistic models (Cox 1970; Anderson 1972) provide methods for incorporating both of these components. The a posteriori probability of disease may be estimated for a patient on the basis of both current measurement of patient characteristics and prior information. The parameters of the logistic model may be estimated on the basis of a calibration trial. In practice, not one but several sets of measurements of one characteristic of the patient may be made on a questionable case. These measurements typically are correlated; they are far from independent. How should these correlated measurements be used? This paper presents a method for incorporating several sets of measurements in the classification of a case.     

高校科研成果转化为生产力—过程·问题·对策

分析了高校科研成果转化为生产力的整体过程,提出该过程所受到的四个作用力:环境激励力、市场拉力、技术推力和内在活力,分析了目前存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output with Input Constraints: A Generalized Rationale for Local Methods

In this work, we introduce a generalized rationale for local sensitivity analysis (SA) methods that allows to solve the problems connected with input constraints. Several models in use in the risk analysis field are characterized by the presence of deterministic relationships among the input parameters. However, SA issues related to the presence of constraints have been mainly dealt with in a heuristic fashion. We start with a systematic analysis of the effects of constraints. The findings can be summarized in the following three effects. (i) Constraints make it impossible to vary one parameter while keeping all others fixed. (ii) The model output becomes insensitive to a parameter if a constraint is solved for that parameter. (iii) Sensitivity analysis results depend on which parameter is selected as dependent. The explanation of these effects is found by proposing a result that leads to a natural extension of the local SA rationale introduced in Helton (1993) . We then extend the definitions of the Birnbaum, criticality, and the differential importance measures to the constrained case. In addition, a procedure is introduced that allows to obtain constrained sensitivity results at the same cost as in the absence of constraints. The application to a nonbinary event tree concludes the article, providing a numerical illustration of the above findings.     

关于我国农民增收问题的探讨

从农业结构、农产品价格、生产成本、农民负担等方面对近几年农民收入增幅下降的原因进行了分析,并据此提出了调整农村经济结构、降低生产成本、减轻农民负担、增加农业投入等解决措施。     

教育公平及其实现策略

教育公平既指教育权利平等,也指教育机会均等;既指教育经费均衡,也指教育资源均衡;既指每个受教育者按其天性获得优质高效的教育,也指每个受教育者按其天性获得最大限度的发展。实现教育公平,可以采用以下策略:加快教育法规建设步伐,用法律法规保障教育公平;积极探索新的教育体制,以新型制度促进教育公平;科学规划各级教育投资,以经费均衡确保教育公平;合理分配各类教育资源,以资源均衡保证教育公平;不断完善扶困助学机制,以扶困助贫推进教育公平;坚决摒弃性别歧视陋习,真正实现男女教育平等;关注流动人口子女教育,保障他们享有同等权利;因生天赋实施差异教学,努力促进每位学生成才;关心、关注、关爱全体学生,帮助他们不断走向成功。     

当前增加农民收入的新举措

当前农民增收面临的困境,既是新阶段农业结构性矛盾的反映,又与国民收入分配政策的取向密切相关。作者认为由于结构调整是一个渐进的过程,其政策在短期内难以奏效,因此,近期解决农民增收问题必须采取新措施。