欠发达地区城乡一体化建设的难点与措施

欠发达地区经济落后的一个重要原因是城乡市场分割,由于欠发达地区资本稀缺,要想解决城乡市场问题也是发展中的一个难点。要从欠发达地区城乡市场分割的形成原因中寻找解决的途径和办法,分析城乡一体化建设的难点,打破城乡市场中存在的各种障碍,探讨城乡一体化建设的具体措施,促进城乡市场一体化建设。     

对大学生职业生涯规划认识的分析——以内蒙古民族大学为例

通过分析内蒙古民族大学学生在职业生涯规划方面存在的认识问题以及存在问题的原因,着重探索应采取解决问题的措施。使我校学生有一个科学规范合理的职业生涯规划,提高学生的综合素质和职业能力,提升学生就业的“软实力”,实现人与社会、学生个体与职业相匹配。提高我校毕业生的就业质量和就业率。     

新疆房地产业发展问题研究

房地产业在促进新疆经济增长,改善居民居住环境,提升投资环境和促进社会和谐方面起着重要作用。该文从新疆房地产投资、供需、住房结构、住房价格情况四个方面对新疆房地产业的发展状况进行分析,探讨了新疆房地产业存在的问题,主要表现为空置房面积偏大,房地产市场体系不完善,区域间发展不平衡和市场观望气氛浓等。针对这些问题,该文提出采取加大行业监管力度,加快住房结构调整,引导空置房租赁,降低房价等有效措施,促进新疆房地产业的健康发展。     

Robust importance sampling for some typical types of utility-based shortfall risk measures using exponential twisting and kernel density techniques

A robust algorithm for utility-based shortfall risk (UBSR) measures is developed by combining the kernel density estimation with importance sampling (IS) using exponential twisting techniques. The optimal bandwidth of the kernel density is obtained by minimizing the mean square error of the estimators. Variance is reduced by IS where exponential twisting is applied to determine the optimal IS distribution. Conditions for the best distribution parameters are derived based on the piecewise polynomial loss function and the exponential loss function. The proposed method not only solves the problem of sampling from the kernel density but also reduces the variance of the UBSR estimator.     

A quantile-based study on ageing intensity function

Jiang, Ji, and Xiao (2003 Jiang, R., P. Ji, and X. Xiao. 2003. Aging property of unimodal failure rate models. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 79(1):113–6.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) has introduced a quantitative measure known as the ageing intensity function for evaluating the ageing properties of a component/system. In recent years, there has been a great interest on the study of quantile function, an equivalent alternative to the distribution function approach. Unlike the distribution function approach, the quantile method possess some unique properties (see Gilchrist 2000 Gilchrist, W. 2000. Statistical modelling with quantile functions. Boca Raton, Florida: Chapman and Hall/CRC.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Nair, Sankaran, and Balakrishnan 2013 Nair N. U., P. G. Sankaran, N. Balakrishnan. 2013. Quantile-based reliability concepts. In: Quantile-Based Reliability Analysis. Statistics for Industry and Technology. New York, NY: Birkhäuser.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). Motivated with this, in the present paper we introduce a quantile-based ageing intensity function and study its various ageing properties. We also study some stochastic comparison of random variables based on the proposed measure.     

Measuring Nonlinear Granger Causality in Mean

We propose model-free measures for Granger causality in mean between random variables. Unlike the existing measures, ours are able to detect and quantify nonlinear causal effects. The new measures are based on nonparametric regressions and defined as logarithmic functions of restricted and unrestricted mean square forecast errors. They are easily and consistently estimated by replacing the unknown mean square forecast errors by their nonparametric kernel estimates. We derive the asymptotic normality of nonparametric estimator of causality measures, which we use to build tests for their statistical significance. We establish the validity of smoothed local bootstrap that one can use in finite sample settings to perform statistical tests. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the proposed test has good finite sample size and power properties for a variety of data-generating processes and different sample sizes. Finally, the empirical importance of measuring nonlinear causality in mean is also illustrated. We quantify the degree of nonlinear predictability of equity risk premium using variance risk premium. Our empirical results show that the variance risk premium is a very good predictor of risk premium at horizons less than 6 months. We also find that there is a high degree of predictability at the 1-month horizon, that can be attributed to a nonlinear causal effect. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

贵州山地户外运动产业发展制约因素及其对策研究

随着经济的不断发展,山地户外运动已成为一项新兴的体育产业,有着巨大的市场价值,逐渐成为人们休闲娱乐的一项选择。文章立足贵州山地户外运动产业的发展,对现状进行梳理,在分析制约发展因素的基础上,提出建立健全贵州山地户外运动的产业政策并对如何打造精品赛事等提出对策和建议。     

江苏沿海城市人居环境质量评价——以盐城市为例

城市人居环境质量评价是判断城市是否宜居、能否可持续发展的关键依据。随着江苏沿海开发战略的深入实施,盐城市在经济社会、城市建设等方面发生了翻天覆地的变化,盐城市的人居环境质量水平也逐年提高。从经济发展水平、社会生活水平和生态环境三个层面,对2007～2011年盐城市人居环境质量数据进行加权和计算,结果显示：沿海开发战略实施初期盐城市人居环境质量处于相对低的水平,经济、社会和生态环境的发展欠协调,人居环境在改善过程中呈现波动起伏j但总体发展趋势良好。