On Broadening Failure Rate Distributions in PRA Uncertainty Analyses

Several recent nuclear power plant probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs) have utilized broadened Reactor Safety Study (RSS) component failure rate population variability curves to compensate for such things as expert "overvaluation bias" in the estimates upon which the curves are based.
A simple two-components of variation empirical Bayes model is proposed for use in estimating the between-expert variability curve in the presence of such biases. Under certain conditions this curve is a population variability curve. Comparisons are made with the existing method.
The popular procedure appears to be generally much more conservative than the empirical Bayes method in removing such biases. In one case the broadened curve based on the popular method is more than two orders of magnitude broader than the empirical Bayes curve. In another case it is found that the maximum justifiable degree of broadening of the RSS curve is to increase α from 5% to 12%, which is significantly less than the 20% value recommended in the popular approach.     

我国大型超市顾客忠诚计划设计思路

目前我国大型超市在顾客忠诚计划运作方面存在的关键问题是缺乏战略思考、缺乏价值和缺乏管理。针对上述问题,提出了顾客忠诚计划开发与管理的思维方式及运作模式。从主客体两方面建立顾客忠诚计划的开发思路,用"双因素理论"的思想对忠诚计划的价值进行管理。     

Disability and Chronic Illness Identity: Interviews with Lesbians and Bisexual Women and Their Partners

Disability rights activists and cultural workers are articulating disability identity and culture. Through interviews with lesbians and bisexual women with disabilities or chronic illnesses and their partners, the present study examined disability/chronic illness identity on the level of individual, couple, and community. Participants shared differing perspectives about how disability/chronic illness identity relates to other aspects of identity, and about whether disability/chronic illness identity is fluid or constant. They described several challenges they have encountered in developing disability/chronic illness identity. Couples talked about developing boundaries and balance in their relationships, and about how disability or chronic illness has strengthened their relationships. A number of participants spoke about identity as intimately linked with community. Implications for community building are discussed.     

Managing demand variability and operational effectiveness: case of lean improvement programmes and MRP planning integration

Although a lean focus is widely popular in general manufacturing environments, there are limited studies that empirically investigate how lean improvement programmes can be integrated with a material requirement planning (MRP) system. The aim of this research is to examine if the integration of lean improvement programmes with a MRP system has a positive effect on operational effectiveness when manufacturers are experiencing high levels of customer demand variability. Based on the contingency theory perspective and using data collected from the international manufacturing strategy survey (IMSS-V), a sample of 382 international manufacturing companies are first divided into two groups based on the degree of their customer demand fluctuation. Moderated hierarchical regression is then applied to each group to empirically test the research hypotheses. Statistical results suggest that operational effectiveness significantly improves when lean improvement programmes support MRP systems as manufacturers are experiencing high levels of fluctuations in demand.     

共同体视域中的个人及其与共同体的关系

通过文献的梳理,分析共同体视域下的个人及其与共同体关系。分析认为,处于共同体之中的个人,有其特殊的价值存在性与目的性;要想从孤独的个体演变成共同体中的人,需要具备一系列特质,如身份的认同、成员资格的获取、拥有的权利以及承担的义务;只有具有以上特征或经历相关过程,其对于至善觅寻的终极价值诉求才有可能实现。     

建筑物区分所有权的法律探析

建筑物区分所有权系现代民法一项基本的不动产所有权形式。在现代各国,高层建筑日益发展,高层建筑物中居民的权利使用方式及人际关系复杂,有的学者把这类建筑物称为“纠纷住宅”。我国目前尚未制定区分所有权法,因此,笔者对建筑物区分所有权的一些基础理论问题进行了探讨,采“三元论”说对建筑物区分所有权的概念进行了界定,分析了专有权、共有权及成员权之间的关系及建筑物区分所有权客体的空间性,最后考察了建筑物区分所有权人的权利和义务。     

农民专业合作社的成员选择与激励机制分析

高质量的成员和有效的激励机制对农民专业合作社的规范运行和可持续发展具有重要价值。基于成员异质性的客观现实,通过探讨农民专业合作社的成员选择与激励机制设计问题,分别构建了农民专业合作社的成员选择模型和激励模型。研究发现:在成员异质性条件下,农民专业合作社应首先制定好标准并根据成员发送的信号进行选择;在对留存收益、成员获得收益与其预期收益进行充分地调查和摸底的基础上,针对不同成员的利益诉求确定差别化的收益分配机制。     

对解决农村土地征收补偿收益分配纠纷的法律思考

随着中国工业化和城镇化进程的加快,农村土地征收补偿收益分配纠纷日益增加。司法机关对此类纠纷的态度一直摇摆不定。农村土地征收补偿收益分配纠纷的核心,是农村集体经济组织成员资格的认定。这种资格认定涉及农民的基本民事权利,法律应当干预。鉴于认定农村集体经济成员资格较为复杂,立法可对之进行类型化处理,对不同类型的人员涉及的分配纠纷做出不同的法律规定。司法机关应秉着司法为民的理念,充分发挥司法能动性,不断探寻解决农村土地征收补偿收益分配纠纷的新方法。