浅论拓展高校大学生党员后续教育的新途径

加强对大学生党员后续教育工作是保持党的先进性的需要。高校应积极通过完善理论学习机制,健全党员发展和组织管理机制,创新党员后续教育新途径,不断强化大学生的党员意识,提供发挥作用的实践渠道,发挥学生党员的先锋模范作用,从而增强高校党建工作的实效性。     

从毛泽东的自律作风看党员干部加强自身修养的必要性

在党的廉政建设中 ,我们重温和回顾毛泽东廉洁自律的作风 ,对于当前加强党员干部自身修养 ,从根本上筑起反腐倡廉的长城 ,具有重大的现实意义。     

空中交通管理系统安全评价研究

针对以往空中交通管理系统安全评价的不全面性,提出要从＂隐性＂和＂显性＂层面对空中交通管理系统的安全状况进行准确评估。在＂隐性＂层面以空管系统的人、设备、环境和管理为基本因素,建立空中交通管理＂隐性＂层面评价指标体系,并在空管安全评价中首次利用了Kaufm ann和Gupta模糊德尔菲法求取指标的隶属度,避免了利用专家打分的模糊性和不准确性,为＂隐性＂层面准确评估提供了坚实的基础;在＂显性＂层面提出了集值统计模型,并利用落影函数计算出指标的威胁度。最终结合实例对中国空管系统的安全状况进行了评价。实证分析表明,该方法能较为准确地反应中国空管系统的安全状况,具有较好的参考价值。     

Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment

At the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National Research Council (NRC) recently completed a major report, Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment, that is intended to strengthen the scientific basis, credibility, and effectiveness of risk assessment practices and subsequent risk management decisions. The report describes the challenges faced by risk assessment and the need to consider improvements in both the technical analyses of risk assessments (i.e., the development and use of scientific information to improve risk characterization) and the utility of risk assessments (i.e., making assessments more relevant and useful for risk management decisions). The report tackles a number of topics relating to improvements in the process, including the design and framing of risk assessments, uncertainty and variability characterization, selection and use of defaults, unification of cancer and noncancer dose‐response assessment, cumulative risk assessment, and the need to increase EPA's capacity to address these improvements. This article describes and summarizes the NRC report, with an eye toward its implications for risk assessment practices at EPA.     

Human Interindividual Variability in Susceptibility to Airborne Particles

Part of the explanation for the persistent epidemiological findings of associations between mortality and morbidity with relatively modest ambient exposures to airborne particles may be that some people are much more susceptible to particle-induced responses than others. This study assembled a database of quantitative observations of interindividual variability in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters likely to affect particle response. The pharmacodynamic responses studied included data drawn from epidemiologic studies of doses of methacholine, flour dust, and other agents that induce acute changes in lung function. In general, the amount of interindividual variability in several of these pharmacodynamic response parameters was greater than the variability in pharmacokinetic (breathing rate, deposition, and clearance) parameters. Quantitatively the results indicated that human interindividual variability of breathing rates and major pharmacokinetic parameters-total deposition and tracheobronchial clearance-were in the region of Log(GSD) = 0.1 to 0.2 (corresponding to geometric standard deviations of 10(.1)-10(.2) or 1.26-1.58). Deposition to the deep lung (alveolar region) appeared to be somewhat more variable: Log(GSD) of about 0.3 (GSD of about 2). Among pharmacodynamic parameters, changes in FEV1 in response to ozone and metabisulfite (an agent that is said to act primarily on neural receptors in the lung) were in the region of Log(GSD) of 0.2 to 0.4. However, similar responses to methacholine, an agent that acts on smooth muscle, seemed to have still more variability (0.4 to somewhat over 1.0, depending on the type of population studied). Similarly high values were suggested for particulate allergens. Central estimates of this kind of variability, and the close correspondence of the data to lognormal distributions, indicate that 99.9th percentile individuals are likely to respond at doses that are 150 to 450-fold less than would be needed in median individuals. It seems plausible that acute responses with this amount of variability could form part of the mechanistic basis for epidemiological observations of enhanced mortality in relation to ambient exposures to fine particles.     

混沌理论视角下的中介语可变性研究

中介语可变性理论在第二语言习得研究中影响甚大但又颇具争议.其争议的焦点问题是语言能力是否具有"可变性".这场学术之争的理论根源在于中介语的语言观是"异质"还是"同质"的本质对立.中介语的系统性、可变性、可渗透性和动态发展性这四个特点呈现出混沌的非线性特征.     

δ15N examination of the Lindeman-Hutchinson-Peters theory of increasin omnivory with trophic height in aquatic foodwebs

The advent of stable nitrogen isotope analysis in ecological research has at last enabled precise identification of trophic position and omnivory due to the differential enrichment of¹⁵N over¹⁴N with progressive assimilation up the foodweb. I compiled literature data on δ¹⁵N values in freshwater and marine foodwebs to search for qeneral patterns in omnivory, specifically the supposition originally proposed by Lindeman (1942) and most recently advanced by Peters (1977), that omnivory should increase with trophic height or position. Omnivory, measured as average intraspecific variability in δ¹⁵N, was indeed found to increase with trophic height, such that species at the top of foodwebs were comprised of animals relying, on average, on energy originating from a mixture of different trophic categories.     

英语习语的变异性及修辞特色

英语习语是语言在长期使用过程中形成的独特、固定的表达方式,具有语义的统一性和结构的固定性。但习语也并非一成不变,随着语言的发展、社会的变化以及某种特定表达的需要,习语在保持相对稳定的同时,也在不断地演变,具有变异性。当然,习语的变异性是建立在定型性的基础上,是有规律可循的。     

Embeddedness in Voluntary Associations and the Timing of Geographic Moves

I develop and test a theory of the relationship between geographic mobility and the geographic scope of voluntary associations (VAs). Geographic scope is linked theoretically to overlap in the membership sets of VAs. Local VAs are theorized to have a high degree of overlap in membership, while cosmopolitan VAs have a low degree of membership overlap. While membership in local VAs suppresses geographic mobility, membership in cosmopolitan VAs does not. In addition, the effect of geographic mobility on VA membership is found to vary by geographic scope.     

外资市场准入与企业设立的若干法律制度

发达国家和发展中国家国情不同因而外资市场准入立法价值取向存在差异,各国外商投资企业设立制度可资我国借鉴,中国正式成为WTO成员方后理应简化外资审批手续,从程序上保证加快外资引进步伐。