建筑物区分所有人之成员权性质探究——兼论《民法典》中之相关制度安排

从历史上看,民法从来是法哲学的发祥地,法哲学的观念和理论皆以民法为本.我国的民法哲学是关于民法的世界观和方法论.民法哲学主要研究民法的本质、价值、地位、理论、体系及其建构方法等.民法哲学从属于法哲学,它是民法学和民事立法、司法、执法和守法的灵魂.民法哲学决定于社会主义市场经济基础,市场经济的公理必然在民法哲学中得到反映."公平"和"规范"应是民法哲学中一对最基本的范畴.     

电力上市公司经营业绩评价的模糊优选模型

运用模糊优选理论及模型 ,通过建立电力上市公司主要财务指标的相对隶属函数 ,并确定各指标的相对隶属度和指标权重 ,对电力上市公司经营业绩进行优选评价 ,取得了满意结果 ,为公司业绩的综合评价提供了新思路     

Understanding Uncertainty

There is more information we don't know than we do know for making most critical decisions involving risks. Our focus must be on understanding and effectively dealing with what we don't know. As a first step in achieving this focus, a classification of the types of uncertainties that must be addressed and the sources of these types of uncertainties is presented. The purpose is to provide a framework for discussion about addressing uncertainty, particularly in risk analyses.
Both uncertainty and variability of information are addressed using four main classes:

• 1) 

  Metrical uncertainty and variability in measurement,
• 2) 

  Structural uncertainty due to complexity, including models and their validation,
• 3) 

  Temporal uncertainty in future and past states
• 4) 

  Translational uncertainty in explaining uncertain results.

The factors that contribute uncertainty and error to these classes are identified, and their interrelationships indicated. Both subjective and objective aspects are addressed.     

An improved fuzzy time-series method of forecasting based on L–R fuzzy sets and its application

Classical time-series theory assumes values of the response variable to be ‘crisp’ or ‘precise’, which is quite often violated in reality. However, forecasting of such data can be carried out through fuzzy time-series analysis. This article presents an improved method of forecasting based on L–R fuzzy sets as membership functions. As an illustration, the methodology is employed for forecasting India's total foodgrain production. For the data under consideration, superiority of proposed method over other competing methods is demonstrated in respect of modelling and forecasting on the basis of mean square error and average relative error criteria. Finally, out-of-sample forecasts are also obtained.     

学习分类的新框架探索--基于析义的学习与基于析疑的学习

通常情况下,将学习划分为分析性学习和探索性学习两类,两者都属于自主学习的不同方式,但是真正意义上的学习不可能是绝对被动的,同时探索的过程也是离不开分析的。因此,本文重新对学习进行划分,将学习划分为基于析义的学习与基于析疑的学习,并建构了新学习分类的框架模型,进一步探究了各类学习过程的实现路径。     

‘I was bored so…’: motivational accounts of participation in an online emo group

We examine members' spontaneous accounts for joining and participating in an online emo forum. The Internet and social networking sites are central features of contemporary youth cultures; the analysis of interaction on emo forums can thus provide a way of appreciating emo as a ‘Community in Practice’. We analyse popular discussion threads collected from a key emo website, using membership categorisation and conversation analysis. In these threads, members introduce themselves and account for joining and posting pictures in response to a prior request to do so. Analysis shows that newbies establish their emo attributes and hence entitlement to participate while dismissing emo-related motivation for joining the forum, claiming instead a desire to relieve boredom. Participants similarly accounted for posting photos of themselves and for producing fan pics as due to boredom. We show how claiming to be bored allows members to engage with the group while negotiating potentially problematic inferences that attend subcultural membership. We conclude that our approach provides a useful methodology for furthering our understanding of an important aspect of contemporary youth subcultures.     

On the Treatment of Uncertainty and Variability in Making Decisions About Risk

Much attention has been paid to the treatment of dependence and to the characterization of uncertainty and variability (including the issue of dependence among inputs) in performing risk assessments to avoid misleading results. However, with relatively little progress in communicating about the effects and implications of dependence, the effort involved in performing relatively sophisticated risk analyses (e.g., two‐dimensional Monte Carlo analyses that separate variability from uncertainty) may be largely wasted, if the implications of those analyses are not clearly understood by decisionmakers. This article emphasizes that epistemic uncertainty can introduce dependence among related risks (e.g., risks to different individuals, or at different facilities), and illustrates the potential importance of such dependence in the context of two important types of decisions—evaluations of risk acceptability for a single technology, and comparisons of the risks for two or more technologies. We also present some preliminary ideas on how to communicate the effects of dependence to decisionmakers in a clear and easily comprehensible manner, and suggest future research directions in this area.     

国际组织中的混合成员及其法律地位研究

国际组织中的各类成员及其在组织中的法律地位是国际组织法上的基本问题之一。政府间的国际组织,其成员主要是国家,但也包含其他形态各异的成员主体。这些其他成员主体可以总括为国际组织中的"混合成员"。对国际组织中的混合成员及其在组织中法律地位的研究、界定,有助于更好地认识和发挥国际组织在国际社会中的作用。中国港澳台地区作为国际组织中混合成员的一类,通过研究其参与的政府间国际组织,可为其更好地参与政府间国际组织提供法理依据。     

On the test of liu and chow's procedure for assessing equivalence in variability of bioavailability

Similar to Schuirmann's two one-sided tests procedure for assessment of bioequivalence in average bioavailability (Schuirmann,), Liu and Chow proposed a two one-sided tests procedure for assessment of equivalence of variability of bioavailability. Their procedure is derived based on the correlation between crossover differences and subject totals. In this paper, we examined the performance of their test procedure in terms of its test size and power for various situations where the intersubject variability and the intrasubject variability of the test drug product are relatively larger, similar, and smaller than that of the intrasubject variability of the reference drug product.     

汉语惯用语的特征探析

惯用语是汉语中常见的一种熟语类型。从形成来源、表义方式和表达风格角度看，它有着独特鲜明的个性特征：一是形成来源的广泛性，二是语义生成的变异性，三是口语格调的鲜明性，四是语用价值的单纯性。