民族思维与英汉句式

语言与民族思维有着密切联系。各民族由于文化背景等因素不同,民族思维也大不相同,进而反映在语言运用上,表现为遣词造句等方面的不同,如主语的主客观倾向、关联照应及信息焦点。教师如能在教学中自觉运用英汉民族思维与语言的联系及对比规律,就会在提高学生语言交际能力方面得到事半功倍的效果。     

Risk Communication and Foodborne Illness: Message Sponsorship and Attempts to Stimulate Perceptions of Risk

Foodborne illness represents a serious health hazard in the United States. Since foodborne illness can often be prevented by an individual's behavior, messages aimed at promoting safe food-handling behaviors should be a major tool to reduce the incidence of foodborne illness. This article argues that to achieve adoption of safe food-handling practices in the home, food-safety messages should both stimulate risk perceptions and promote self-efficacy, feelings that one can successfully enact recommended behaviors. A content analysis of nationally distributed food-safety messages questioned if messages incorporated these features. Since food-safety communicators operate in complex environments with multiple and sometimes competing objectives, this study also questioned if sponsorship of foodborne illness prevention messages was related to the amount of content designed to alter risk perceptions associated with foodborne illness. Results of the quantitative content analysis found that copywriters generally included content designed to stimulate risk perception about foodborne illness but virtually ignored self-efficacy needs of the audience. A marked difference in tendencies to stimulate risk perceptions was found based on sponsorship. Both in volume and proportion, results show that governmentally sponsored messages more aggressively attempted to heighten risk perceptions associated with foodborne illness than did messages sponsored by privately funded communicators.     

Assessment of China’s Poor County Program

ABSTRACT

China made remarkable progress in rural poverty alleviation. A major policy instrument is the County Level Poverty Alleviation Program, which has vast policy support but is also criticized for targeting errors, misuse of funds, and making poverty both shameful and attractive. Whether this program, or the country’s economic growth in general, is the main force in poverty reduction is the question addressed in this article, analyzing data for the 592 poor counties. The response to the economic growth–policy alleviation conundrum is that a push for social wellbeing and empowerment is needed together with economic growth to achieve major poverty improvements.     

The Body in Biography

Abstract

This paper takes as point of departure current attempts at understanding what the notion of an embodied subjectivity might mean for life writing. It begins by providing a psychoanalytic perspective on how subjectivity is related to the body, describing the processes by which subjectivity emerges out of bodily drives and showing how the emergence of the subject is coterminous with the emergence of language. Having identified the processes by which subjectivity, language and body are related, the paper examines the writing of the body in the poetry of Arthur Nortje, drawing attention to the stylistic means by which bodily drives are configured. It concludes by suggesting that because the body is present in writing not as substance but as a system of articulation, the only way in which the biographer is able to convey the embodied life of the subject is through what Nietzsche calls the ‘felt text’.     

Keynote Address: Impact of the Future on College Health

Abstract

Objective: The authors investigated the effect of gain-framed (GF) compared with loss-framed (LF) messages on exercise behaviors in normal weight and among overweight/class I obese. The authors also examined which groups would have significantly improved exercise behaviors over time. Participants: Sixty-four undergraduates were randomized to the 4 groups by message type and weight category from September 2008 to December 2011. Methods: After screening, students received messages and attended an exercise instruction session. Results: There were no significant differences between GF or LF message groups among normal weight or overweight/obese on the primary outcomes at posttest. After receiving the GF messages, the overweight/obese group was the only group to have a significant increase on all 3 primary outcomes: fitness center attendance (p = .038), combined moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity (p = .005), and strength training (p = .037). Conclusions: The exercise behaviors of undergraduate students who are overweight or obese can benefit from GF messages.     

中国现行货币政策框架有效性分析

基于货币政策框架理论,设定了货币目标框架的模型,在此基础上,分析了中国现行货币目标框架的有效性并探讨了中国货币政策框架有效性下降的原因.最后提出了中国应择机渐进导入通货膨胀目标框架的政策建议.     

携带语篇辅助信息的英语定语从句的汉译

通过讨论携带语篇辅助信息的英语定语从句这一语言现象,提出判断这类定语从句的依据和方法,分析其在语篇中为语篇的中心意思或主要语义信息提供辅助背景信息的特点,表明其在语篇中与主要语义信息的上下层级关系,并结合实例提出了在汉语译文中再现这种上下层级关系时可以采用的基本操作单位和翻译技巧。     

Gender Effect and Prejudice: When a Salient Female Norm Moderates Male Negative Attitudes Toward Homosexuals

Men generally express more negative attitudes than women toward homosexuals. This study aims to determine if social norms saliency can rely on this “gender effect” and influence attitudes toward homosexuals. Gender characteristics (attitudes and lexical markers) concerning homosexuality were identified in Study 1 and used to construct male- (i.e., promoting a prejudice-related norm) and female-marked (i.e., promoting an anti-prejudice-related norm) messages. Social norms saliency was primed using these messages (Studies 2 and 3) and the participant's immediate context (Study 3). Results show that promoting a prejudiced norm eases expression of males' negative attitudes toward homosexuals, whereas the promotion of an anti-prejudice norm inhibits their attitudes. Theoretical elaborations and potential applications for promotion of tolerance are discussed.     

语音信息的获取及其心理过程

英语作为语言是传递信息的工具。用英语语音进行信息传递时,信息的接受者仅通过听觉来获取信息要承担更加繁重的心理过程,对于把英语作为第二语言的中国学生而言,这是一个难以把握的过程。本文从心理学的层面探讨这个过程。