Social Work and Criminal Justice

SUMMARY

We shall begin with the principal, and complicated, conclusion: Regrettably, the social work profession has largely abandoned the criminal justice field. That is not to say that social workers are not employed in criminal justice settings. Certainly they are. Significant numbers of social workers earn their living as probation and parole officers, caseworkers in public defender offices, counselors in correctional institutions and halfway houses, and so on. As a profession, however, social work no longer has a major presence in the criminal justice field (Gibelman and Schervish, 1993). Relatively few social workers embark on their professional education with the aim of employment in the criminal justice field. Virtually no courses in social work education programs focus explicitly or comprehensively on criminal justice (Knox and Roberts, 2002; McNeece and Roberts, 1997). Workshops offered at professional conferences or continuing education seminars rarely focus on criminal justice issues per se. And, relatively little serious scholarship on criminal justice issues is authored by social workers.

Interestingly, this has not always been the state of affairs. Earlier in the profession's history, social workers were much more visible and vocal participants in dialogue, debate, research, and practice related to criminal justice. Ideally-in light of social work's unique perspectives on practice and social problems, and the profession's noble value base-the profession will reclaim its preoccupation with criminal justice. As Sarri (2001) concludes with respect to social workers' involvement in the juvenile justice system in particular:

Thirty years ago, social workers were in leadership positions in juvenile justice in the majority of states. In the 1980s, a gradual decline began in agencies and in social work education for practice in juvenile justice. Some have suggested that the decline was at least partially due to professional resistance to working in coercive settings with involuntary clients. However, given the millions of people now caught up in the criminal justice system who are not receiving the social services they desperately need, it is a priority that social work return to a more central role in criminal justice. (p. 453)     

清代的海外竹枝词及其文化使命

清代是竹枝类乐府的泱泱大国,各类《竹枝词》现存23000馀首。其中,＂海外竹枝词＂数量众多,所涉及的国家主要有日本、朝鲜、法国、德国、英国等。内容上,或记录亚洲各国的风土民情,或介绍欧洲各国的工业文明,在乐府诗发展史上占有重要的地位,对于清代的对外文化交流具有重要意义。     

大学的文化使命

当今时代,文化传承创新已成为大学的第四大职能和使命。当前,我国的大学文化面临着把大学文化建设简单地理解成实用主义、功利主义和把大学文化简单地等同于意识形态化这两大问题。大学文化是一个动态系统,主要包含相互关联的四个层面的文化,即国家文化、作为整体的大学组织文化、大学自身的特定文化和大学校园文化。在当今社会转型时期,我国大学要切实履行自己的文化使命,就要坚持理想主义,进行理论创新,坚持文化综合创新,实施文化育人,服务好社会。     

Variance-based importance analysis measure for mission reliability of phased mission system

Importance measures are used to estimate the relative importance of components to system reliability. Phased mission systems (PMS) have many components working in several phases with different success criteria, and their component structural importance is distinct in different phases. Additionally, reliability parameters of components in PMS always have uncertainty in practice. Therefore, existing component importance measures based on either the partial derivative of system structure function or component structural importance may have difficulties in PMS importance analysis. This paper presents a simulation method to evaluate the component global importance for PMS based on the variance-based method and the Monte-Carlo method. To facilitate the practical use, we further discuss the correlation relationship between the component global importance and its possible influence factors, and present here a fitting model for evaluating component global importance. Finally, two examples are given to show that the fitting model displays quite reasonable component importance.     

“牢中飞人”的后飞倾向“80后”作家创作心理探析

“80后”作家群有着自身独特的成长经历、社会背景与心理体验;由“心理延续偿付期”导致的一些普遍特征诸如：对亲密关系的索求,情绪上的肆意宣泄等,使“80后”作者群在创作心理上表现出集体退向儿童心理的后撤倾向、     

多明我会与明末中西交往

多明我会是明末入华传教的主要欧洲天主教修会,在明清中西文化交流史上扮演了重要角色。多明我会的早期入华历程,不仅与西班牙、葡萄牙等西欧殖民势力在亚洲的扩张活动纠葛一处,而且直接影响到明末天主教在华格局的演变以及著名的中国礼仪之争事件的发展。1632年,该会传教士从台湾渡海进入中国东南大陆传教,打破了此前半个世纪耶稣会独享中国传教区的局面。其后,多明我会传教士第一次在福建传教区针对现实中的礼仪问题展开系统调查,并将调查结果提交罗马教廷,终使礼仪问题演变成为中西文化交流史上牵动东西方、延续数世纪的大事件。     

近代苏州的教会医疗事业

基督教在近代苏州传播过程中，教会医疗事业也得到了相当程度的发展。监理会等差会不仅创办医院，而且进行医学、护理等教育活动，对近代苏州社会的变迁产生了一定的影响。     

解读党的十六大报告 切实加强当代大学生历史使命教育

通过贯彻落实“三个代表” ,解读党的十六大报告 ,我们可以认真了解时代特征 ,站在把握世纪发展潮流的角度 ;认真了解我国国情 ,站在推动民族复兴的历史角度 ;认真了解党的教育方针 ,站在党和人民的事业后继有人的角度 ;认真了解创新的重大意义 ,站在推进先进生产力发展的角度 ;认真了解先进文化在历史发展中的作用 ,站在弘扬我国先进文化的角度五个方面 ,探讨对当代大学生历史使命教育的重要性和紧迫性     

大学的使命与教育理想

在现代性境遇下 ,大学的使命被功能化而失去形而上意义。现代性迫使大学突出专业教育而削弱甚至是取消博雅教育。是践行传统的大学理念还是承担社会功能 ?现代大学性格发生了分裂。但是 ,只要我们转换角度 ,从“生活世界”和“系统”两个层面理解大学 ,大学的现代性焦虑就能够得到克服。大学是“生活世界”的一部分 ,自由民教育和公民道德养成是大学必须担当的责任 ;大学又是社会“系统”中的一个“组织” ,理应为社会的发展输送人才 ,提供知识。现代大学的使命是 ,在履行文化启蒙和人格养成同时 ,也把自己的关注放在科学的技术应用价值上 ,放在训练生产技能上     

汉语方言学史及其研究论略

原始汉语最迟形成于夏禹时代 ,原始汉语形成的同时也形成了原始汉语方言 ;分化和同化是汉语方言最初形成的两种基本方式。方言概念形成于先秦 ,表达方言概念的词语产生于西汉 ,“方言”一词出现于东汉。古代的方言研究按照它本身所形成的阶段性特点可以分为周秦汉晋、南北朝至唐宋、元明、清至民初四个时期。汉语方言学史的研究开始于 2 0世纪上半叶 ,罗常培的《汉语方音研究小史》是该学科草创的标志。汉语方言学史的研究从总体上来说还很薄弱 ,加强这方面的研究对于汉语言文字学各分支学科的建设都有重要意义。