高职《化工单元操作技术》课程改革中学生创新能力培养的探索与实践

目前,高职高专教育教学正在进行深层次的改革,工学结合的课程改革是高职高专教育面临的核心任务,而创新能力的培养则是高职高专课程改革的重要内容。在《化工单元操作技术》课程改革中,从教学模式、教学方式方法、教学评价体系和技能竞赛活动等方面进行了一系列探索,推进了学生创新能力的培养。     

工程质量政府监督多层次利益分配与激励协同机制探究

The implementation of the government supervision of the quality of the project is an international practice. The basic form of government supervision of engineering quality is government supervision on the quality behavior of the engineering main bodies and its results by the competent government department entrusted. Its essence is a dual principal-agent process. The frequent accidents of the engineering quality reflect the loss and failure of the government law enforcement supervision of the engineering quality to some extent. Its root lies in the lack of endogenous power in the law enforcement supervision of the project quality government supervisors in the law enforcement supervision. Therefore, the incentive coordination mechanism of the government supervision based on the multi-level interest distribution is worth explored. In views of the multi-level management system which is formed by the government departments, government quality supervision organizations, quality supervision team (or group) for the government supervision of engineering quality. The benefit distribution function between every party is constructed, and the game model of the multi-level incentive and coordination for the government supervision in engineering quality is built. To solve and deduce from the first stage of the cooperative game and the second stage of the non-cooperative game, the cooperative game can obtain the reward coefficient: . The coordination degree of the best effort can be obtained by the non cooperative game. The result shows that:the coordination degree of government engineering quality supervisor is related to the coordination costs, and had nothing to do with fixed costs. The benefit distribution coefficient not only depends on the efforts of the quality government monitors, but also on the efficiency of other parties' efforts. The quality supervisors of the project will also focus on the coordination with other parties when enhancing their management capabilities to improve the overall performance of project quality government supervision. The strategy of the incentive coordination mechanism for the supervision and cooperation of the project quality government is:the government quality supervision team should set up the supervisory team properly, improve the coordination efficiency and reduce the cost of supervision-coordination to maximize the value of self-motivation. Quality supervision team (or group) should establish the partnership to improve the coordination efficiency for achieving the maximization of their own incentive value.The model and conclusion of incentive synergy mechanism based on multi-level benefit allocation mechanism are researched. It can provide theoretical support and practice reference for the market governance and supervision of general public goods.     

Predictive Hierarchic Modeling of Operational Characteristics in Clinical Trials

An analytic methodology for patient enrollment modeling using a Poisson-gamma model is developed by Anisimov & Fedorov (2005–2007). For modeling hierarchic processes associated with enrollment, a new methodology using evolving stochastic processes is proposed. This provides rather general and unified framework to describe various operational processes associated with enrollment. The technique for calculating predictive distributions, mean, and credibility bounds for evolving processes is developed. Some applications to modeling operational characteristics in clinical trials are considered with focus to modeling events associated with incoming and follow-up patients in different settings. For these models, predictive characteristics are derived in a closed form.     

Promoting sustainable development through civil society: A case study of the EU’s NSA/LA thematic programme in Kyrgyzstan

The article focuses on the contribution of the European Union (EU) in promoting sustainable development through the involvement of civil society in partner countries. More specifically, it analyses the main features and outcomes of the projects implemented by civil society organizations (CSOs) in Kyrgyzstan under the EU thematic programme Non‐State Actors and Local Authorities in Development (NSA/LA). Despite its importance—this is the only EU programme providing direct support to non‐state actors and local authorities engaged in poverty reduction—to date, there has been very little research on the functioning of this instrument on the ground. This article seeks to fill this gap in the literature by examining the EU’s contribution to sustainable development through a case study on Kyrgyzstan. The study is based on primary data: 10 semi‐structured interviews conducted with the EU‐funded organizations implementing the NSA/LA programme. The NSA/LA projects were analysed by considering two major fields of engagement of non‐state actors in the development process: as service providers and as advocates (Banks & Hulme, 2012). Overall, the organizations awarded EU support were not only focused on fulfilling short‐term needs but also sought to introduce new ways of dealing with poverty and inequality, positioning themselves between the “Big‐D” and the “little‐d” approaches to development (Bebbington, Hickey, & Mitlin, 2008). Nonetheless, the EU‐funded projects were too limited and fragmented to be able to sustain long‐term structural change. Therefore, the EU should place new emphasis on creating synergies between new and old structures at the grassroots level and establishing mechanisms and bodies that could merge and co‐ordinate their efforts. In addition, the calls for proposals could highlight the need to share the lessons learnt by “obliging” the beneficiaries to act as multipliers and to pass on their positive experience to neighbouring communities. Finally, the EU could stimulate the funded organizations to experiment with innovative mechanisms of involvement in the policy‐making process, by making this aspect a mandatory requirement of the projects implemented with its support.     

Open Data on a Closed Shop? Assessing the potential of transparency initiatives with a focus on efforts to strengthen capacity development support

Despite strong political commitment, actual gains in improving accountability in development co‐operation have been limited. Main reasons for this include the low level of transparency and high number of actors, as well as the limitations of the self‐reported and input‐oriented OECD reporting system. Efforts through the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) and related transparency initiatives are ill‐equipped to change this given their decision to adhere to the same system. This article uses the specific area of support to capacity development to illustrate this. While further disaggregation of reporting on technical co‐operation could respond to a transparency gap, overcoming the accountability gap requires moving beyond promoting ‘supply‐side’ reform and re‐engaging in efforts to promote collective action.     

Predicting Children's Prosocial and Co‐operative Behavior from Their Temperamental Profiles: A Person‐centered Approach

The goal of this study was to examine how aspects of self‐regulation and negative emotionality predicted children's co‐operative and prosocial behavior concurrently and longitudinally using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Mothers completed measures of children's temperamental proneness to negative emotionality and self‐regulation at 54 months. Teachers and parents completed measures of children's co‐operative and prosocial behavior at 54 months, first grade, and third grade. A latent profile analysis of the temperamental variables revealed four profiles of children: those high in regulation and low in negative emotionality, those moderate in regulation and moderate in negative emotionality, those low in regulation and high in negative emotionality, and finally those who were very low in regulation but high in anger emotionality. Generally, children with profiles that were high or moderate in terms of regulation and low or moderate in terms of negative emotionality were rated as the most prosocial and co‐operative. Children with profiles that were less well regulated and who were high in negative emotionality (particularly anger proneness) were rated as less co‐operative and prosocial by parents and teachers.     

外商直接投资在中国经营方式变迁的新制度经济学分析

通过回顾外商直接投资在中国经营方式的变迁,认为经营方式的独资化趋势是一种自上而下以渐进式发生的强制性制度变迁,是在中国政府政策引导下的有微观主体自愿参与的制度变迁。运用新制度经济学的研究方法,通过对谈判结构和交易成本的分析,揭示了这一变迁的原因在于：合营企业和合作企业与外资企业在设立与运营过程中由于谈判结构的不同,而使后者在产权保护以及协议执行的成本更低,从而导致了外商直接投资在中国的独资化趋势。认为中国政府应出台政策提高利用外资的质量和水平,以降低＂独资化＂带来的负面影响。     

毛竹林单户经营规模效率及影响因素分析--基于福建三明的调查

基于福建省三明市的163户农户调查数据,采用DEA-Tobit模型分析了毛竹林地经营规模效率及其影响因素。在效率测算方面,福建省样本调查地区单户经营的毛竹林的总体规模效率平均为0.91,而林地平均规模效率为0.86。可以看出,毛竹林总体经营规模效率较高,但林地这一要素的规模效率较低。单户经营林地最优规模为60~70亩(4~4.67 hm2),总体投入产出要素配置比例相对协调,但中小规模经营面积的农户经营效率仍有待提高。在分析影响因素方面,家庭劳动力数量、从事林业经营活动经验、林地面积与毛竹林经营规模效率存在正相关关系;户主性别、年龄、生产周期投工费用与规模效率呈反向变动关系。提出因地制宜确立林地经营效率最优适度规模、加大力度扶持中小规模林地经营农户、加强林业经营者队伍质量建设等建议。     

金融创新背景下个体网络借贷犯罪行为的认定

个体网络借贷发展迅速,但监管缺失导致了该行业的畸形发展,刑事风险攀升。《关于促进互联网金融健康发展的指导意见》首次对个体网络借贷做出规定,意义重大。个体网络借贷中债权转让和平台担保两种模式游走于罪与非罪的模糊地带,在相关立法和司法解释出台前,对这两种平台经营模式,刑法应该保持谦抑,谨慎介入。     

从甲乳外科的运营分析到医院精细化管理的思考

通过对医改新形势下三级综合医院甲乳外科的运营分析,进行医院精细化管理的探讨。调研某三甲医院甲乳外科的运营情况,包括工作量、运行效率、损益情况等,分析其运营状况。结果显示,甲乳外科门诊、住院和超声检查患者较多,医师工作负荷重,通过计算该科室需要增加2名文员;损益分析发现甲乳外科属于“金牛科室”,且科室床位使用率较高,应适当扩大规模,新增10张床位。对医院各科室进行详细的运营分析,可为医院管理者提供决策依据,并逐步实现医院的精细化管理。