山阴方言的舒入两读字

山阴方言的多音字中,有的音读为舒声,其余的音读为入声,形成舒入两读。文章举出57例,并列出读音、意义及用法。     

EEFSEC基因、染色体17q24和染色体11q13.2基因变异与前列腺癌的关联研究

目的探索EEFSEC基因(rs10934853,A)、染色体17q24区(rs1859962,T)和染色体11q13.2(rs7931342,T)的基因变异类型与前列腺癌患病发病风险的关联,分析这些基因型与前列腺癌患者临床特征的关系。方法采用病例对照研究设计,比较病例组中124例患者和对照组中138例正常对照者的EEFSEC基因(rs10934853,A)、染色体17q24区(rs1859962,T)和染色体11q13.2(rs7931342,T)等位基因和基因型频率的差异,并探讨各基因变异与患者的确诊年龄,BMI,Gleason评分,PSA浓度,肿瘤分期等临床特征之间的关联。结果 EEFSEC基因(rs10934853,A)、染色体17q24区(rs1859962,T)和染色体11q13.2(rs7931342,T)的基因型和等位基因在病例组和对照组中的频率分布差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),然而,EEFSEC基因(rs10934853,A)和染色体17q24区(rs1859962,T)存在更强的基因-基因协同的交互作用(P=0.0396,OR=1.722,95%CI=1.0244~2.8944);病例组基因型-表型观察指标关联分析表明,3个SNPs与PCa患者的年龄、Gleason评分、PSA浓度及烟酒均无关联(P0.05),然而,染色体17q24区(rs1859962,T)位点与食用蛋类有关(P=0.005)。结论 EEFSEC基因(rs10934853,A),17q24(rs1859962,T)和11q13.2(rs7931342,T)位点可能与我国北方人群前列腺癌的发病风险无关联,但是存在有基因之间增加PCa发病风险的协同效应。     

Modeling the Adenoma and Serrated Pathway to Colorectal CAncer (ASCCA)

Several colorectal cancer (CRC) screening models have been developed describing the progression of adenomas to CRC. Currently, there is increasing evidence that serrated lesions can also develop into CRC. It is not clear whether screening tests have the same test characteristics for serrated lesions as for adenomas, but lower sensitivities have been suggested. Models that ignore this type of colorectal lesions may provide overly optimistic predictions of the screen‐induced reduction in CRC incidence. To address this issue, we have developed the Adenoma and Serrated pathway to Colorectal CAncer (ASCCA) model that includes the adenoma‐carcinoma pathway and the serrated pathway to CRC as well as characteristics of colorectal lesions. The model structure and the calibration procedure are described in detail. Calibration resulted in 19 parameter sets for the adenoma‐carcinoma pathway and 13 for the serrated pathway that match the age‐ and sex‐specific adenoma and serrated lesion prevalence in the COlonoscopy versus COlonography Screening (COCOS) trial, Dutch CRC incidence and mortality rates, and a number of other intermediate outcomes concerning characteristics of colorectal lesions. As an example, we simulated outcomes for a biennial fecal immunochemical test screening program and a hypothetical one‐time colonoscopy screening program. Inclusion of the serrated pathway influenced the predicted effectiveness of screening when serrated lesions are associated with lower screening test sensitivity or when they are not removed. To our knowledge, this is the first model that explicitly includes the serrated pathway and characteristics of colorectal lesions. It is suitable for the evaluation of the (cost)effectiveness of potential screening strategies for CRC.     

Agency and fatalism in older Appalachian women’s information seeking about gynecological cancer

Researchers consider older women in rural Appalachia to have low levels of agency and high levels of fatalism regarding decision making about cancer treatment. Using the life course perspective, we examined older women’s agency with information seeking about gynecological cancer. Semistructured interviews with 20 White women living in central Appalachia revealed four trajectories: Surrendering Control, Accepting Death, Self-Care, and Advocacy, each with its own forms of agency. Some women experienced personal transformation, increased self-efficacy, and a passion for community empowerment. Fatalism was not understood apart from placing trust in medical expertise. We implore researchers to further explore rural expressions of agency.     

Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of prostate cancer

In Europe, countries following the traditional Mediterranean Diet (MeDi), particularly Southern European countries, have lower prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality compared to other European regions. In the present study, we investigated the association between the MeDi and the relative risk of PCa and tumor aggressiveness in a Spanish population. Among individual score components, it has been found that subjects with PCa were less likely to consume olive oil as the main culinary fat, vegetables, fruits and fish than those without. However, these differences were not statistically significative. A high intake of fruit, vegetables and cooked tomato sauce Mediterranean style (sofrito) was related to less PCa aggressiveness. Results showed that there are no differences in the score of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary patterns between cases and controls, with mean values of 8.37?±?1.80 and 8.25?±?2.48, respectively. However, MeDi was associated with lower PCa agressiveness according to Gleason score. Hence, relations between Mediterranean dietary patterns and PCa are still inconclusive and merit further investigations. Further large-scale studies are required to clarify the effect of MeDi on prostate health, in order to establish the role of this diet in the prevention of PCa.     

Internet Technology in Service of Personal Health Care Management: Patient Perspective

Internet technology has become an informational resource for most health care consumers. Online information, discussion, and support groups, in the form of message boards, listservs, and chat rooms are emerging as parts of virtual self-health-care network. This paper examines the extent to which participation in online health discussion groups was reported to be helpful in increasing medical knowledge and in enhancing the participatory patient role of health care consumers in interaction with health care service professionals. Data for this study was collected from 350 patients who participated in Internet discussion groups for cancer patients. The findings of the study indicated the important impact of Internet health discussion groups on health care management practices as perceived by health care consumers, including empowerment through knowledge and proactive participation in cancer care management. This research contributes to understanding the patient perspective and assesses the perceived importance of Internet groups by health care consumers.     

Association between long-term erectile dysfunction and biochemical recurrence after permanent seed I125 implant brachytherapy for prostate cancer. A longitudinal study of a single-institution

We aimed to investigate the predictive factor of erectile dysfunction (ED) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent low-dose permanent I¹²⁵ seed implant brachytherapy and to investigate if ED could represent a patient’s reported outcome measures (PROMs) of efficacy of BT and indirectly associated with biochemical recurrence free survival (BRFS). From 2000 to 2012, 176 consecutive patients with low-risk PCa underwent BT. ED was evaluated with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Cox regression analysis was performed to assess significant predictors of mild-to-severe ED and BRFS after BT, including covariates. The 10-year actuarial rate of ED was 66%. Subjects with severe ED had higher values of D90 (183.0 versus 177.0; p?p?p?p?=?0.20), while D90?≤?180?Gy independently predicted BCR (HR: 4.65; [95%CI: 1.25–17.34]; p?125 implant, but it is not associated with better BRFS.     

Bounds in Competing Risks Models and the War on Cancer

In 1971, President Nixon declared war on cancer. Thirty years later, many declared this war a failure: the age‐adjusted mortality rate from cancer in 2000 was essentially the same as in the early 1970s. Meanwhile the age‐adjusted mortality rate from cardiovascular disease fell dramatically. Since the causes that underlie cancer and cardiovascular disease are likely dependent, the decline in mortality rates from cardiovascular disease may partially explain the lack of progress in cancer mortality. Because competing risks models (used to model mortality from multiple causes) are fundamentally unidentified, it is difficult to estimate cancer trends. We derive bounds for aspects of the underlying distributions without assuming that the underlying risks are independent. We then estimate changes in cancer and cardiovascular mortality since 1970. The bounds for the change in duration until death for either cause are fairly tight and suggest much larger improvements in cancer than previously estimated.     

Individual differences in numerical representations of risk in health decision making: A fuzzy-trace theory approach

Fuzzy-trace theory predicts that decisionmakers process numerical information about risk at multiple levels in parallel: the simplest level, nominal (categorical some-none) gist, and at more fine-grained levels, involving relative comparison (ordinal less-more gist) and exact quantities (verbatim representations). However, little is known about how individual differences in these numerical representations relate to judgments and decisions, especially involving health tradeoffs and relative risks. To investigate these differences, we administered measures of categorical and ordinal gist representations of number, objective numeracy, and intelligence in two studies (Ns = 978 and 956). In both studies, categorical and ordinal gist representations of number predicted risk judgments and decisions beyond objective numeracy and intelligence. Participants with higher scores in categorical gist were more likely to choose options to avoid cancer recurrence risks; those who were higher in ordinal gist of numbers were more likely to discriminate relative risk of skin cancer; and those with higher scores in objective numeracy were more likely to choose options that were numerically superior overall in terms of relative risk of skin cancer and of genetic risks of breast cancer (e.g., lower numerical probability of cancer). Results support parallel-processing models that assume multiple representations of numerical information about risk, which vary in precision, and illustrate how individual differences in numerical representations are relevant to tradeoffs and risk comparisons in health decisions. These representations cannot be reduced to one another and explain psychological variations in risk processing that go beyond low versus high levels of objective numeracy.     

培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌36例疗效分析

目的 探讨培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌36例临床疗效.方法 研究对象为2010年6月至2012年6月本院收治的36例晚期乳腺癌患者.静脉滴注培美曲塞二钠500mg/m2,d1;顺铂25mg/m2,d1～d3.21天为1个周期.每个患者至少治疗2个疗程后评价疗效和不良反应.结果 36例患者,CR 0例,PR 7例（19.4％）,SD 17例（47.2％）,PD12例（33.3％）,总有效率为19.4％ （7/36）,临床获益率为66.7％ （24/36）.主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,20例表现为白细胞减少（Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）,占55.6％.其他不良反应还包括疲乏21例,占58.3％;皮疹17例,占47.2％例;恶心、呕吐15例,占41.7％.结论 培美曲塞联合顺铂方案治疗蒽环类和紫杉类化疗失败的转移性乳腺癌有较好的疗效,患者耐受性好,值得临床进一步研究.