国内外癌症患者心理弹性研究及启示

心理弹性是近几年才提出的影响癌症患者希望水平及生存质量的心理因素。文章对心理弹性的国内外研究进行综述,探讨癌症患者心理弹性的影响机制和测量方法,有助于为临床心理研究提供理论基础和依据。     

A Welcome to the International Statistical Conferences

Criteria for assessing the effectiveness of a medical screening program are difficult to define; medical knowledge and screening procedures change rapidly, and self-selection at medical screens is unavoidable. This article discusses these and other basic issues in evaluation of medical screening programs with particular reference to results from the HIP breast cancer study. In addition, the article reviews various statistical models that describe the processes of disease and screening. The models are shown to be statistically indistinguishable in practice because of the small sample sizes typically available in medical screening trials. Finally the article suggests incorporating knowledge from clinical trials and from studies of robustness into statistical models designed to identify reasonable strategies for screening.     

肺癌患者血清同型半胱氨酸变化的临床意义

目的：探讨血清同型半胱氨酸在肺癌患者中的变化及临床意义。方法检测82例住院治疗肺癌患者和79例健康体检者空腹血清同型半胱氨酸水平。结果分析得出肺癌组的血清Hcy含量显著高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。Ⅰ～Ⅳ期肺癌的患者血清Hcy含量均显著高于健康组（P＜0.01）。结论血清Hcy可做为肺癌的病情诊断、疗效预后的辅助指标。     

Bayesian age-stratified joinpoint regression model: an application to lung and brain cancer mortality

Joinpoint regression model identifies significant changes in the trends of the incidence, mortality, and survival of a specific disease in a given population. The purpose of the present study is to develop an age-stratified Bayesian joinpoint regression model to describe mortality trend assuming that the observed counts are probabilistically characterized by the Poisson distribution. The proposed model is based on Bayesian model selection criteria with the smallest number of joinpoints that are sufficient to explain the Annual Percentage Change. The prior probability distributions are chosen in such a way that they are automatically derived from the model index contained in the model space. The proposed model and methodology estimates the age-adjusted mortality rates in different epidemiological studies to compare the trends by accounting the confounding effects of age. In developing the subject methods, we use the cancer mortality counts of adult lung and bronchus cancer, and brain and other Central Nervous System cancer patients obtained from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data base of the National Cancer Institute.     

Nonparametric Comparison for Multivariate Panel Count Data

Multivariate panel count data often occur when there exist several related recurrent events or response variables defined by occurrences of related events. For univariate panel count data, several nonparametric treatment comparison procedures have been developed. However, it does not seem to exist a nonparametric procedure for multivariate cases. Based on differences between estimated mean functions, this article proposes a class of nonparametric test procedures for multivariate panel count data. The asymptotic distribution of the new test statistics is established and a simulation study is conducted. Moreover, the new procedures are applied to a skin cancer problem that motivated this study.     

Significance test of clustering under high dimensional setting with applications to cancer data

For high dimensional data, the SigClust is developed for testing the significance of clustering. The cluster index (CI) for SigClust is conducted by the ratio of the within-cluster and total sum of squares. But its empirical size is too conservative to be over controlled. By removing the cumbrous terms in the CI, an improved index (BCI) is proposed in this paper. The coefficient of variation of the BCI can be significantly reduced, implying that the new index BCI is stable. Moreover, the new significance test (NewSig) maintains the size, meanwhile, provides a greater power. Simulation experiments and two real cancer data examples are analysed for illustrating the performance of the new methodology.     

Human papillomavirus vaccine and Pap tests on college campuses: How do historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) measure up?

ABSTRACT

Objective: The availability of cervical cancer prevention services at college health centers was compared between historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and non-HBCUs.

Methods: Four-year, non–primarily distant learning colleges, matching HBCUs with randomly selected non-HBCUs within the same states (N = 136) were examined. Data were collected (2014–2015 academic year) on the availability of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and Pap tests at college health centers. HBCUs were compared with non-HBCUs using conditional logistic regression, and correlates of offering these services were identified. Results: Many institutions did not offer HPV vaccine or Pap tests. Fewer HBCUs offered HPV vaccine (18% vs 53%) and Pap tests (50% vs 76%) compared with non-HBCUs. In multivariable analyses, HBCUs remained less likely than non-HBCUs to offer HPV vaccine (odds ratio [OR] = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.26) and Pap tests (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06–0.61). Conclusions: Greater effort is needed to make cervical cancer prevention services available at colleges, especially at HBCUs.     

Indoor Tanning and Problem Behavior

Objective: The authors examined factors predicting college students' use of tanning beds. Participants and Methods: Undergraduate students (N = 745) at a large Northeastern university participated in the study by answering a survey measuring tanning behavior and other psychosocial variables, including sensation seeking, self-esteem, tanning image beliefs, and friends' tanning bed use. Results: All 3 systems from problem behavior theory predicted past tanning bed use and intention to use tanning beds. The authors observed a positive association between sensation seeking and intention to use tanning beds. Tanning image beliefs were positively associated with both past tanning behavior and intention to use tanning beds. Conclusions: Interventions focusing on friend and acquaintance social network influences may be more effective than health-risk campaigns in reducing tanning bed use.     

培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌36例疗效分析

目的 探讨培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌36例临床疗效.方法 研究对象为2010年6月至2012年6月本院收治的36例晚期乳腺癌患者.静脉滴注培美曲塞二钠500mg/m2,d1;顺铂25mg/m2,d1～d3.21天为1个周期.每个患者至少治疗2个疗程后评价疗效和不良反应.结果 36例患者,CR 0例,PR 7例（19.4％）,SD 17例（47.2％）,PD12例（33.3％）,总有效率为19.4％ （7/36）,临床获益率为66.7％ （24/36）.主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,20例表现为白细胞减少（Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）,占55.6％.其他不良反应还包括疲乏21例,占58.3％;皮疹17例,占47.2％例;恶心、呕吐15例,占41.7％.结论 培美曲塞联合顺铂方案治疗蒽环类和紫杉类化疗失败的转移性乳腺癌有较好的疗效,患者耐受性好,值得临床进一步研究.