Ex Post Problems in Buyer–Supplier Transactions: Effects of Transaction Characteristics, Social Embeddedness, and Contractual Governance

This paper focuses on ex post governance of inter-firm transactions. We develop and test hypotheses on the occurrence of ex post problems like delivery delays, inferior quality, and insufficient service in buyer–supplier transactions. Our hypotheses address effects of transaction characteristics, of social embeddedness, and of contractual governance on the occurrence of problems. Other than earlier research on embeddedness effects in this field, we consider not only effects of dyadic embeddedness but also effects of network embeddedness. We test hypotheses using rich survey data on more than 1200 purchases of information technology (IT) products: hardware and software, both standard and complex. We find evidence for effects of transaction characteristics on the occurrence of problems, while our data do not support hypotheses on effects of contractual governance. Our data provide rather consistent support for hypotheses on the effects of embeddedness. Specifically, we find evidence that network embeddedness reduces problems.     

Replacement Cost Endorsement and Opportunistic Fraud in Automobile Insurance

Traditional insurance contracts do not offer protection against the replacement value of a vehicle. A replacement cost endorsement gives the opportunity to get a new vehicle in the case of a total theft or in the case of total destruction of the car in a road accident. This type of protection was introduced in Canada in the late 1980's. It is also offered in France and many insurers in the United States are going to move in that direction. We propose tests that separate moral hazard from adverse selection in the analysis of the effect of this additional protection on car theft. We show that holders of car insurance policies with a replacement cost endorsement have a higher probability of theft near the end of this additional protection (usually 24 months following the acquisition of a new car). Our tests indicate that this result is a form of ex post moral hazard or opportunistic insurance fraud.     

主题先行:文革战争题材长篇小说的构思局限

文革时期战争题材长篇小说在构思上存在着主题先行的历史局限,这一局限导致此类作品的主题和情节出现大面积重复和雷同。文革战争题材长篇小说的构思局限性所带来的不是文革文艺设计者所期待的振奋和昂扬的接受状态,而是一种被动、疲惫的审美状态。     

走向与前瞻：评《刑事诉讼法》的再修改

自1996年刑事诉讼法修订以来,我国的政治经济生活发生了较大变化。2004年宪法修改以及人权保障条款的"入宪",更是成为推动我国刑事诉讼法修改的直接动力。然而,要制订一部垂范久远的刑事诉讼法典,需要把握以下几个宏观问题:第一,刑事诉讼法再修改的逻辑起点应当是超职权主义诉讼制度;第二,刑事诉讼法再修改的目标定位应当是实现程序正义;第三,刑事诉讼法再修改的路径选择应当沟通建构理性主义与经验理性主义;第四,刑事诉讼法再修改应当选择创新型制度移植的道路。     

关于《中华人民共和国立法法（修正草案）》的说明

2023年,是完善备案审查制度体系的一个标志性年份,其工作部署包括修改《中华人民共和国立法法》《中华人民共和国各级人民代表大会常务委员会监督法》,研究出台《全国人大常委会关于完善和加强备案审查制度的决定》。以审查方式为范例,分别从备案审查工作情况报告的相关内容体例中,梳理其工作实践逻辑和经验知识,从2019年《法规、司法解释备案审查工作办法》的审查方式章节中,凝练其工作机制内涵结构,从经由《中华人民共和国立法法》第二次修改实现全线入法的四类审查方式条款的修改比对中,揭示该法律制度的入法轨迹及其规范内涵。审查方式实现制度化的“工作实践—工作机制—法律规范”路径,可以成为宪法监督规范化、程序化一种典型路径,并为从中梳理凝练其规范内涵,提供阶段参考、载体参考等多方面借鉴。

     

档案工作者应具备的六种意识

知识经济时代的档案工作者,需要树立全新的意识.本文就强化依法制档,遵守道德,开拓创新,提高综合能力等方面的意识作了探讨.     

论氏族社会族内、族外婚形成的原因

通过文献史料 ,结合历代学者对族外婚形成的观点和看法 ,从我国少数民族在近代的婚姻形态、古代文献、考古发现等几方面 ,研究分析了我国氏族社会族外婚的产生、发展以及形成的原因 ,并论述了外婚制在人类婚姻制度和社会日常生活中的地位和作用     

Offenders’ Risk‐Taking Attitude Inside and Outside the Prison Walls

It has long been assumed that risk taking is closely associated with criminal behavior. One reason for placing criminals behind bars—aside from punishment and protecting the public—is to prevent them from engaging in further risky criminal activities. Limited attention has been paid to whether being inside or outside prison affects offenders’ risk‐taking behaviors and attitudes. We compared risk‐taking behaviors and attitudes in five risk domains (ethical, financial, health/safety, recreational, social) among 75 incarcerated offenders (i.e., offenders who are currently in prison) and 45 ex‐offenders (i.e., offenders who have just been released from prison). Ex‐offenders reported higher likelihood of engaging in risky behavior, driven largely by a willingness to take more risks in the recreational and ethical domains. Benefits attributed to risk taking as well as risk perception did not differ between incarcerated and ex‐offenders, indicating that the opportunity to take risks might underlie behavioral risk intentions. Our results also indicate that risk‐taking activities are better predicted by the expected benefits rather than by risk perception, aside from the health/safety domain. These results highlight the importance of studying the person and the environment and examining risk taking in a number of content domains.     

《安全生产法》修订对民航安保立法的启示

政府的安全监督管理是企业安全生产工作的主要推动力,也是生产经营活动安全水平的决定因素之一。中国中央政府及其工作部门、地方政府都具有安全生产监管职能。在这一管理模式下,各级政府、各部门需要协调开展工作。根据《安全生产法》《立法法》等的规定,国务院安全生产监督管理部门、负有安全生产监督管理职能的部门和省级地方人民政府各自享有独立的立法权,并根据职权建立了互相关联又相互独立的法规体系。安全生产法规、标准领域的不统一甚至冲突,给依法开展安全生产监管工作带来了一定的困扰。《安全生产法》修订及国务院安全生产监督管理部门近年来颁布的一系列规章为统一有关立法、执法提供了基础,对民用航空安全保卫立法具有重要的参考价值。     

白叶蒿脂肪酸成分研究

采用气相色谱法,对白叶蒿脂肪酸成分进行了分析,结果表明,白叶蒿中含有22种脂肪酸（鉴定了其中19种）,且多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸相对含量比（PUFA/SFA）为3.29,白叶蒿具有降血脂功能。