改土归流后的昭通屯垦

鄂尔泰在滇东北实行的武力改流将雍正朝的改土归流推向了最高潮 ,却使清王朝在这些地区的统治陷入了危机 :频繁的变乱和对变乱的血腥屠杀 ,使改土归流的成果面临流产。在此危急关头 ,高其倬再任云贵总督 ,在改土归流地区推行善后措施 ,巩固了改土归流的成果 ,其中一个成功范例就是昭通地区进行的移民屯垦。他采取的一系列措施使昭通的社会经济在较短时期内得到了迅速恢复 ,彻底改变了昭通的社会面貌 ,为这一地区后来的发展奠定了基础 ,是雍正朝成功巩固改土归流成果的典型案例     

增强社区居委会自治性的基本路径

据我国《城市社区居委会组织法》的规定,社区居委会是自我教育、自我管理、自我服务的基层群众性自治组织。但事实上社区居委会成为了政府的附属机构,其行政色彩浓厚而自治性不足,这实质是社区居委会在社区管理中的缺位与错位。这种缺位与错位,不仅不能实现城市社区的良好管理,也难以实现城市社区的自治。要改变社区居委会在社区管理中缺位与错位的现状,就应该转变城市基层政府和社区居委会的职能,并加强社区居委会的能力建设,从而理顺基层政府和社区居委会的关系,增强社区居委会的自治性,回归社区居委会的应然角色。     

The role of behaviorally integrated nominating committees in non-executive director selection processes

This study examines how behavioral processes among nominating committees, CEOs, and board chairs affect the comprehensiveness of non-executive director selection planning and evaluation. Building on a theory-building multiple-case study, our findings indicate that comprehensiveness is based on three key factors: (1) task-related mutual and collective interactions in nominating committees, (2) board chair leadership in structuring selection processes with high facilitation skills, and (3) the level and timing of information exchange between CEOs and board chairs. Furthermore, we highlight the interconnectedness and temporal embeddedness of these behavioral processes. Our study contributes to a more holistic understanding of non-executive director selections and provides new insights into the complex and interwoven social dynamics among nominating committees, CEOs, and board chairs.     

我国农村女性进“两委”的路径依赖与路径选择

在我国农村两委组织体系中,女性的比例偏低,影响着女性政治发展和新农村民主建设。农村女性进＂两委＂受各方面因素影响,在政治结构、制度环境、性别文化和组织依赖等方面存在着必然的路径依赖。而真正保证农村女性进＂两委＂,并不在于将＂依赖＂变成＂割裂＂,而在于梳理各方面组织关系,宣传先进的性别文化,构建妇女组织的合作网络,自上而下地完善政策法律来确保女性进＂两委＂、与男子平等参与村级事务的管理。     

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: An Argument for National Research Review

The US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recently published voluntary guidelines for human embryonic stem (hES) cell research. The NAS guidelines propose two levels of oversight. At the local level, research institutions are to create Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight (ESCRO) committees with a mandate to assess the scientific merit and ethical acceptability of hES cell research. At the national level, a new committee is to be created, not to review specific research proposals, but rather to periodically assess, and as needed revise, the NAS guidelines. In this article, we critically assess this proposal. In particular, we review the benefits and limitations of local research review. On this basis, we argue that local review is insufficient for hES cell research and that while there are obvious pragmatic and political reasons for the NAS to favor local research review, there are more compelling reasons for the NAS to have recommended national review of hES cell research proposals.     

The Performance-Governance Relationship: The Effects of Cadbury Compliance on UK Quoted Companies

This paper investigates the extent to which recommendations madeby the Cadbury Committee have affected UK company performance.The Committee recommended that certain internal monitoringmechanisms should be adopted by quoted firms because they weremore effective than others as a means of promoting shareholderinterests. The mechanisms analysed are duality, the number ofoutside directors on the board and the presence of a remunerationcommittee. We analyse the relationship between governancestructures and performance for two years, 1992 and 1995. Usingsamples of 200 companies for each of the years, we find that theproportion of firms adopting the governance structuresrecommended by Cadbury has increased. However there is mixedevidence that the structures are associated with betterperformance. Depending on the choice of dependent variable, thepresence of a remuneration committee has a positive effect onperformance and outside director representation has a negativeeffect. However, there is evidence of a simultaneous relationshipbetween outside director representation and performance, a resultconsistent with additional outside directors being appointedafter a period of poor performance. Complete compliance with themodel of governance proposed by the Cadbury Committee does not,however, appear to be associated with performance which is betterthan that achieved by either partial or non compliance.     

党政领导干部选拔任用初始提名制度探析

党的干部选用制度改革的一个关键就是规范选拔任用初始提名制度。党政领导干部选拔任用初始提名制度存在设计难点和操作偏差。规范这一初始提名制度,必须强化组织部门的主体作用,实现工作机制上的六个转变,科学设计具体的操作路径。     

审计委员会设立的财富效应研究——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

基于中国的制度背景,运用我国上市公司的经验数据实证检验了审计委员会设立的财富效应影响.研究结果发现,上市公司在审计委员会设立事件公告日前的短期窗口的确存在着短期财富效应.研究表明,在审计委员会设立事件公告日前的短期窗口,非国有上市公司比国有上市公司对累计超额报酬(CAR)有更为显著的正向影响,非亏损上市公司比亏损上市公司对累计超额报酬(CAR)有更为显著的正向影响.     

Explaining Gender Gaps in Legislative Committees

ABSTRACT

Legislative committees are often the epicenter of parliamentary influence, so their composition matters. Men are widely overrepresented in prestigious, influential committees, with women concentrated in low-status committees. These gender gaps have repercussions for power, visibility, careers, and policy outcomes. Yet the puzzle of why committees are gendered remains unsolved. Combining insights from quantitative and qualitative methods, we offer two major advances. We develop the literature on committee allocations, providing the first comprehensive gendered analysis. And we show how gender permeates all aspects of political careers from socialization to the political summit, leading to deep-rooted inequalities of power, influence, and opportunity.