Informed Consent with Children and Young People in Social Research: Is There Scope for Innovation?

Over 20 years of research has enhanced our understanding about the methodological and ethical benefits and challenges of involving children and young people in research. Concurrently, the increasing bureaucratisation of research ethics governance within UK universities has reified expectations about the methods used to gain informed consent for research participation. This paper explores how social researchers in the UK are navigating this tension and whether there is any scope for innovation through the use of technologies in how children and young people provide informed consent to take part in research. We conclude there is a need for the co‐creation of research information with children and young people and greater transparency by sharing creative solutions.     

One size does not fit all: organisational diversity in New Zealand tertiary sector ethics committees

New Zealand tertiary ethics committees may work from similar ethical principles but this article demonstrates that the way in which they operate is idiosyncratic. The paper builds on commentaries offered by current or former members of five New Zealand ethics committees on the organisation and practices of their committees. It examines differences among the committees with the aim of initiating an ongoing conversation about the work of ethics committees in the New Zealand context. It argues for the merits of diversity, transparency and openness as core principles for the work of ethics committees and as a platform for dealing with critique.     

Ethical challenges in researching in group homes for people with severe learning difficulties: shifting the balance of power

Our aim in this paper is to open up debate about informed consent. We do this by presenting stories from group homes where staff have frustrated our research efforts and marginalised the interests of people with severe learning difficulties. We problematise normative ethics and argue that in some circumstances the basic principle of informed consent should be waived for employees of human service organisations. We maintain that, in such circumstances, researchers and an organisation’s senior managers can still act in a manner that is consistent with the broad aims of ethical regulation. We consider the role of Research Ethics Committees and suggest that in order to fully consider the conflicting interests of multiple stakeholders, the application of different ethical theories is required. A requirement for making balanced ethical judgements is to see outside the extant dominant view of ethical research standards and behaviour.     

Conducting Research with Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Populations: Navigating Research Ethics Board Reviews

The acceleration of research with lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations amid existing sexual prejudice and advancing human rights leads to sometime conflicting stances between researchers and ethics boards over acceptable methodological practices. Ethics boards, charged with ensuring the safety of research participants, may engage in ostensibly protective stances regarding potential risks and informed consent that are unwittingly founded upon negative stereotypes of LGB populations. We examine four case studies that demonstrate divergent stances between researchers and ethics boards, researchers’ responses to ethics reviews and their resolution. Based on these cases, we describe themes and strategies for researchers working with LGB populations in responsibly navigating ethics board concerns.     

近代立法机关委员会产生的原因探讨

近代立法机关委员会产生的历史条件、立法机关委员会产生的过程表明 ,立法机关委员会的产生 ,是立法机关行使权力的要求 ,是立法专业化的要求和劳动分工的必然结果 ,是立法机关对行政监督的要求。     

Human research ethics committees and ethical review: The changing research culture for social workers

Social workers have a long-standing concern with developing codes of ethics, which govern and protect those involved in practice and research scenarios. As more social workers engage in research, successfully negotiating the ethical review process becomes imperative. In Australia, the task of ensuring ethical compliance of research protocols resides with human research ethics committees (HREC) mandated under the National Health and Medical Research Council. However, given the scope for discretion exercised by HREC, this process can be intimidating to novice and experienced researchers. The review process needs to be understood in the context of Australian ethics policy, the roles and responsibilities, and cultures of HREC. This paper outlines practical strategies in preparing ethics protocols to increase the likelihood of successful review. To do this, social workers need to recognise the way policy, legal developments and risk management strategies influence the ethical review process.     

两汉太常选任及地位动态考察

太常作为管理礼仪文教事务的职官,在两汉官僚体系中占有重要地位。随着两汉王朝各个阶段礼制建设的发展,太常选任及地位也产生变化;反之,太常这一职官的变化,又对当时整个国家的礼制建设产生了重大影响。研究两汉时代的太常选任及地位变化,是理解两汉礼制,乃至整个汉代文化史的关钥。     

论村委会选举中候选人的自荐提名模式——以江西浩源村村委会为视角

候选人的自荐提名模式具有提高候选人参选的主动性、简化选举程序、提升选民投票热情和选票质量等优点，能在一定程度上修复海选提名模式实践中存在的问题。浩源村的试点展现了自荐提名模式的优势，且该模式并未妨碍选民的直接提名权，有必要在更多的地区逐步推广。但在今后的实践中需注意：自荐人的资格只宜设置引导性条件．自荐人资料的公开要经本人同意，自荐人过多时应通过全体选民预选确定正式候选人。     

关于选拔任用干部初始提名权问题的调研与思考

干部选拔任用初始提名是干部选拔任用工作的第一道关口,也是提高选人用人质量的关键.分析了现行初始提名办法的利弊,在调查研究的基础上,对初始提名权问题进行了探讨.     

村庄善治：一种新型民主合作体制的建立

目前,我国村庄治理中面临着“两委矛盾”、村委与村民矛盾以及乡村矛盾的多重困境,从而使村庄难以实现有效治理,其主要原因是村庄治理中的体制不合理、利益主体多元化以及传统政治文化惯性与村民的公民意识欠缺。因此,发展草根组织,使村庄向理性公民社会靠拢,从而建立一种以草根组织为纽带的草根组织、村“两委”以及乡镇政权组织的民主合作体制,在一定程度上有助于村治困境的解决,以期实现村庄善治。