农户农业收入差异视角下 小型农田水利设施供给效果评估

近年来,随着财政农业农村支出持续增加,中央基建投资继续向小型农田水利基础设施建设倾斜,我国小型农田水利设施供给水平不断提高。通过对河南、宁夏、陕西3省1 434户农户实地调查表明,农民对小型农田水利设施的效果评价处于中等偏上水平,这一结果与不同农户间农业收入差异有密切关系。通过采用有序Logit模型,基于1 434户微观农户数据,探析不同农业收入水平农户关于小型农田水利设施供给效果的评价及影响因素。结果表明,农户需求是否满足、与邻村比较情况、农田水利设施灌溉的便利性及其维护管理情况是影响不同农业收入差异农户评价小型农田水利设施供给效果的关键因素。农户性别、子女是否上学、近五年供给变化情况、水利管理部门重视程度、灌溉用水价格对部分农业收入差异组农户评价小型农田水利设施供给效果影响也较显著。从进一步提升小型农田水利设施供给水平、加强基层水利管理部门职能转变、完善小型农田水利设施监管机制和农户需求表达机制四个方面提出了建议。     

红色文化自觉与社会主义核心价值观全覆盖--基于文化软实力视域

红色文化与社会主义核心价值观关联密切,红色文化自觉是培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的题中应有之义。“实现社会主义核心价值观全覆盖”是实施中国特色社会主义理论体系普及计划的重要内容,是培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的根本目标。实现社会主义核心价值观全覆盖离不开全党全社会高度的红色文化自觉,必须加强顶层设计和总体规划,做到整体推进和重点突破,让社会主义核心价值观不断转化为社会群体意识和人们自觉行动。     

论海洋形势与策略专题教育中新海权观的解读原则

培养具有海权意识的大国公民是实现海洋大国发展目标必不可少的因素。高校应利用海洋形势与政策专题教育积极引导青年大学生树立与时代发展相符合的新海权观。讲解当前海洋形势与海洋政策问题时应做到历史依据清晰、现实标准明确;对新海权观进行解读时应遵循四个原则,即用"综合"替代"单一"的原则、将中西海洋史相区别的原则、以国际海洋法为依据的原则、与海洋国防意识教育结合的原则。     

权利效能视角下的非法证据排除

非法证据排除的权利效能是辩方排除非法证据的实际效果与法律授予的理想权利之间的比值。非法证据排除规则赋予了辩方较大的权利,并随着诉讼进程而增强。但实际所取得的效益却是逐程减弱,并最终在庭审阶段降至权利效能的最低点。这种尴尬局面是由法律、制度以及辩护策略等原因造成。从诉讼结构出发去研究权利效能,对于完善该制度具有功能意义,应从保证控辩双方效能值的全程一致、限制法官自由裁量权与完善辩方权利行使机制三个方面着手构建。     

LGBTQ Activist Organizations as ‘Respectably Queer’ in India: Contesting a Western View

This study contests the distinction of LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) organizations suggested by earlier scholars as ‘respectable’ — i.e. normalizing, professionalizing and conforming to the dominant cultural and institutional patterns — and ‘queer’, meaning challenging the cultural and institutional forces that ‘normalize and commodify differences’. Using Bernstein's model of identity deployment, it is found problematic to distinguish LGBTQ organizations this way because when the actions of LGBTQ organizations are more complex to describe, it is not warranted to conflate identity goals with identity strategies — whether normalizing (respectable) or differentiating (queer). To examine these concerns, a qualitative inquiry was used to study five LGBTQ organizations in India where the intersections of post‐colonial ethnicity, gender, social class and sexuality offer an intriguing context through which to study queer activism. Based on the findings, it is argued from a post‐colonial perspective that when the socio‐cultural and historical existence of non‐homonormative queer communities and practices is strong, LGBTQ organizations challenge the heteronormative and/or other forms of domination to become ‘queer’. But they may simultaneously become ‘respectable′ by conforming to the diversity politics of non‐profit business, donors, and social movement organizations they seek support from, and turn out as ‘respectably queer’.     

A Faith‐Based Advantage?

This study explored whether religiously affiliated nonprofit schools participating in Milwaukee's long‐standing school voucher program engage in more fundraising and perform better on academic indicators than nonsectarian nonprofit schools. The analysis of three years of organizational‐level voucher school data reveals that a higher percentage of religious affiliated schools engage in fundraising, and that religious schools affiliated with umbrella organizations have higher test score indicators than nonsectarian schools. The author concludes that the religious advantage is likely in part a result of the broader access to networks and resources available to religious schools associated with umbrella organizations like a Catholic archdiocese or Lutheran synod. The results are relevant to policymakers who are considering implementing a reinvented government approach to the provision of public goods, as well as leaders of nonprofit corporations who seek to maximize performance.     

The Attributes of Effective NGOs and the Leadership Values Associated with a Reputation for Organizational Effectiveness

Building on prior research characterizing organizational effectiveness as a social construction, this article identifies the perceived attributes of effective transnational nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the leadership values associated with higher reputations for organizational effectiveness. Results are based on an in‐depth, mixed‐method interview study of 152 NGO leaders located in the United States and representing all major sectors of organizational activity. Among the twenty‐nine attributes that leaders identified in peer organizations that they regarded as particularly effective, leaders stressed instantiation of sound principles or strategy, a grassroots approach, large organizational size and resources, being collaborative, singleness of focus, campaigning abilities, funding and fundraising prowess, global scope, and quality people. Furthermore, statistical analysis reveals that NGOs with leaders who value similarities with peer organizations, grassroots approaches, diversity of strategies, dedication, professionalism, and distributed organizational structures have significantly higher reputations for effectiveness.     

交流电机变绕组匝数拓宽调速范围的新方法

在典型交流电机调速应用领域需要拓宽电机的调速范围。传统的拓宽电机调速范围的方法主要包括弱磁调速、 变极调速以及改变绕组结构等。针对电动汽车驱动电机应用背景,提出了一种拓宽交流电机调速范围的新方法,即在维 持电机本体结构与变频器功率等级基本不变的情况下,利用由少量全控和不控电力电子器件构成的绕组调节功率变换 电路,实现电机定子绕组等效匝数的连续可调。仿真结果表明,定子绕组等效匝数是可以通过脉冲控制方法实现连续可 调的,应用该方法,可以拓宽电机的调速范围,使其适应不同应用场合对电机转矩曲线的要求。     

The mobility problem in Britain: new findings from the analysis of birth cohort data

Social mobility is now a matter of greater political concern in Britain than at any time previously. However, the data available for the determination of mobility trends are less adequate today than two or three decades ago. It is widely believed in political and in media circles that social mobility is in decline. But the evidence so far available from sociological research, focused on intergenerational class mobility, is not supportive of this view. We present results based on a newly‐constructed dataset covering four birth cohorts that provides improved data for the study of trends in class mobility and that also allows analyses to move from the twentieth into the twenty‐first century. These results confirm that there has been no decline in mobility, whether considered in absolute or relative terms. In the case of women, there is in fact evidence of mobility increasing. However, the better quality and extended range of our data enable us to identify other ‘mobility problems’ than the supposed decline. Among the members of successive cohorts, the experience of absolute upward mobility is becoming less common and that of absolute downward mobility more common; and class‐linked inequalities in relative chances of mobility and immobility appear wider than previously thought.     

Increasing inter‐generational social mobility: is educational expansion the answer?

Reforms which increase the stock of education in a society have long been held by policy‐makers as key to improving rates of intergenerational social mobility. Yet, despite the intuitive plausibility of this idea, the empirical evidence in support of an effect of educational expansion on social fluidity is both indirect and weak. In this paper we use the raising of the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 years in England and Wales in 1972 to estimate the effect of educational participation and qualification attainment on rates of intergenerational social class mobility. Because, in expectation, children born immediately before and after the policy was implemented are statistically exchangeable, the difference in the amount of education they received may be treated as exogenously determined. The exogenous nature of the additional education gain means that differences in rates of social mobility between cohorts affected by the reform can be treated as having been caused by the additional education. The data for the analysis come from the ONS Longitudinal Study, which links individual records from successive decennial censuses between 1971 and 2001. Our findings show that, although the reform resulted in an increase in educational attainment in the population as a whole and a weakening of the association between attainment and class origin, there was no reliably discernible increase in the rate of intergenerational social mobility.