State Variations in Nursing Home Social Worker Qualifications

ABSTRACT

This is the first published account of state administrative code variations in nursing home social worker qualifications. It is important to review state codes because the majority of nursing homes in the U.S. have fewer than 121 beds and therefore are not required by the federal government to employ at least one full-time qualified social worker. States have the option of extending the federal regulations to homes with 120 or fewer beds, or strengthening the federal requirements in other ways. Findings indicate enormous variation in state requirements for qualifications of nursing home social workers, and even when states define a qualified nursing home social worker (not all do), they often exempt facilities from employing one. Seven states were found to be out of federal compliance. Research describing the qualifications of people employed in nursing home social services is called for, as well as research documenting effective psychosocial interventions, especially as they relate to resident quality of life. Ten recommendations for enhancing nursing home social work services are included.     

Multilevel Factors Related to Psychosocial Care Outcomes in Washington State Skilled Nursing Facilities

As the primary providers of psychosocial services in skilled nursing facilities, social services professionals report barriers interfering with their ability to meet residents' needs. This study utilizes a 3-category quality assessment framework and a cross-sectional survey design to assess factors impacting the provision of effective psychosocial services in Washington State facilities. Hierarchical linear regression results indicate that the 3-factor model explains 26.4% of the variance in psychosocial outcomes; 4 variables exert the most influence: ownership turnover, practitioner experience, practitioner role identity, and the importance of individualizing care. Findings have implications for developing necessary supports for quality psychosocial care delivery.     

Improving Emergency Care for the Elderly

Much has been written on the developing role for social workers in hospital emergency rooms but little has focused specifically on social work interventions with elderly emergency room patients in an urban teaching hospital. A group of fifty patients over sixty-five years of age, referred to social service for assessment and assistance with home care issues, is described. The emergency room social worker's role with these elderly patients is highlighted and three case examples are discussed. It is argued that social work interventions improve the quality of both emergency and ongoing care for this growing and often at risk population.     

Deciding to Institutionalize: Caregiving Crisis,Intergenerational Communication,and Uncertainty Management for Elders and Their Children in Shanghai

This phenomenological study integrated crisis theory, social identity theory, and uncertainty management theory to conceptualize the decision-making process around institutionalization among nursing home residents and their children in Shanghai. I conducted face-to-face, semistructured interviews with 12 dyads of matched elders and their children (N = 24). The findings suggest that caregiving crises triggered intergenerational communication about caregiving alternatives and new arrangements, although each generation had different stances and motivations. Children finalized the decision by helping their parents to manage the uncertainties pertaining to institutionalization. This study sheds light on caregiving decision-making dynamics for the increasing aging population across cultures.     

Is brief daily body–mind–spirit practice desirable for staff who provide services for elderly people? Two pilot studies with care and professional workers

A symptoms-focused approach had only limited short-term effects in addressing burnout. A new trend is toward a positive approach in fostering well-being in the workplace. The current study piloted a daily body–mind–spirit practice programme which provided a 15-minute small-group meeting with staff who provide services for elderly people, towards the end of every workday for one month at two study sites. Repeated measures of burnout, daily spiritual experience (DSE) and engagement were taken at pre-intervention, post-intervention (the intervention lasted for one month) and one month after intervention. The two groups, home help workers and professional staff respectively, showed different patterns in burnout reduction and increase of DSE.     

Effort-reward imbalance and work-home interference: a two-wave study among European male nurses

ABSTRACT

This one-year follow-up study among 1,421 male nurses from seven European countries tested the validity of the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model in predicting prospective vital exhaustion and work-home interference. We hypothesised that effort and lack of reward would have both main and interactive effects on future outcomes. Results of structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that effort was positively related to exhaustion and work-home interference, both simultaneously and over time. Lack of reward predicted increased exhaustion at follow-up, but effort-reward imbalance did not influence the outcomes. Additionally, Time 1 exhaustion predicted increased work-home interference and exhaustion at follow-up. These results do not support the ERI model, which postulates a primacy of effort-reward imbalance over main effects. Instead, the findings are in line with dual path models of job stress and work-home interference. Multi-group SEM showed partial cross-cultural metric invariance for the ERI measure of effort, but the ERI measure of rewards showed no metric measurement invariance, indicating its meaning is qualitatively different across cultures. Nevertheless, the main conclusions were markedly similar for each national sub-sample. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study.     

跨文化背景下儿向语的普遍性特征

儿向语是成人对儿童的一种简易化的特殊语言。最早是由西方中产阶级提出并运用的。对这种语言现象,目前有两种看法,一种观点认为这是一种语言句法的学习形式,另一种则认为是一种交流形式。西方心理语言学家认为儿向语在不同的语言和文化群体中有不同的表现。不同的文化背景下会形成不同的看护儿童的理念,也决定了儿向语在该文化背景下的特点。     

论中医护理理论的形成与特色

中医护理学的历史十分久远 ,它起源于个别零星病案的诊疗体会 ,经历了许多朝代 ,汇积了历史上各个医家的临床护理经验 ,直至形成了当今比较系统的辨证施护理论。中医护理具有整体性、客观性、实用性的特点 ,对现代护理理论的形成起着不可估量的作用     

普惠性民办幼儿园的制度意蕴及实现路径思考

普惠性民办幼儿园作为实现学前教育普惠性改革发展目标的制度构建,所蕴含的意蕴在于扩展国家提供普惠性学前教育(园位)资源的渠道,让普通人能够获得最基本的学前教育服务需求。民办幼儿园满足一定条件经法定程序认定为普惠性幼儿园,可以享受国家相关政策优惠。国家对普惠性民办幼儿园的政策优惠区分为社会力量举办普惠性民办幼儿园扶持、引导政策,普惠性民办幼儿园面向社会提供普惠性学前教育(园位)资源的补助政策,以及普惠性民办幼儿园发展支持政策三个方面。     

护理人员履行告知义务的探讨

在新的生物—心理—社会医学模式的指导下 ,如何在护理活动中履行告知义务 ,维护护患双方的合法权益至关重要。在护理人员的伦理道德正面临着新的要求和挑战的情况下 ,通过自身体会从各方面对护理人员如何正确地履行告知义务进行了深入而广泛的探讨 ,是非常具有现实意义的