探析PPP项目中通过利益制衡降低项目运行前阶段风险的合同机制

随着经济的快速发展,各国政府更为重视公共基础设施建设,为了减轻政府的财政负担,近年来出现了一种以各参与方的＂双赢＂或＂多赢＂为合作目的新融资模式——PPP（Public-Private-Partnership）模式。目前国内研究着重利用私营部门风险控制优势将风险合理转移,而本文以PPP项目运行前阶段可能发生的风险为研究对象,探讨在不同参与方之间,通过利益制衡的合同机制进行风险控制,降低项目运行前阶段逾期风险、超预算风险和质量风险的方法。     

机关事业单位养老保险制度改革完善研究

机关事业单位养老保险改革是当前的热点问题.一些地方先后进行了试点改革,方案设计既具有共同点也存在较大差异,但各地改革方案都存在诸多问题.完善机关事业单位养老保险改革,应在明确改革目的的基础上选择合适的措施和方案.我国事业单位养老保险改革不能以降低退休职工待遇水平减轻财政压力为目标,而应以建立统一的职工基本养老保险制度为目标.《试点方案》有利于实现这一目标,但显著地降低了事业单位退休职工的待遇水平,必然遭遇改革的阻力.完善《试点方案》的关键是选择合适的职业年金计划并明确待遇水平.对于机关和全额拨款事业单位,应建立待遇确定型的职业年金,而对于自收自支的事业单位,则应建立缴费确定型的职业年金.同时,应完善相关配套改革.     

资产价格波动、人民币汇率升值与短期国际资本流动风险防范——基于随机风险溢价KFG理论模型的修正

自2006年以来,我国的资产泡沫严重,研究发现资产价格上涨预期是诱发短期国际资本流动冲击的一个重要因素,严重时会产生金融市场危机风险。基于这样的背景,通过引入资产价格波动变量,修正了Flood引入随机风险溢价的KFG理论模型,分析中国短期国际资本流动触发机制,探究资产价格波动对短期国际资本流动的作用机制。并以此为基础分析中国现有宏观政策对短期国际资本流动风险的作用和政策效果,提出减少投机性国际短期资本流动合理化的政策建议。     

消费者债权在破产程序中的优先地位——基于风险分担的视角

消费者不是商人,其债权多为因侵权而生的非自愿性债权,消费者不应成为有限责任制度下的风险分担主体;消费者是整个供给单元的利益之源,风险应当在供给单元内部分担;在破产程序中,消费者的人身损害赔偿之债应当优先于劳动债权、政府债权和有担保债权获得清偿。     

传统体育文化传承的现代风险与危机消解

在全球化的过程中,传统体育文化正面临生存环境的不断恶化,存在形式的持续萎缩和部分要素的不断异化等现代风险,以及文化群体数量减少,文化人才流失和文化团体生存困难等传承危机。研究发现,现代竞技体育对传统体育文化的冲击,传统体育文化保护制度的缺位和传统体育文化多元保护网的缺乏,构成了传统体育文化现代风险与传承危机的根源。因此,发挥政府的主导作用,重构体育文化体系,健全法律保护制度,构建多元文化保护网成为消解传统体育文化传承风险的关键。     

浅谈职业生涯规划对大学生自我教育的影响

加强对大学生职业生涯规划的认知教育可激发学生学习的动力,职业生涯规划设计是提升学生就业能力的基础,职业生涯规划的实施可调整学生的心理平衡,大学生职业生涯规划的目标直接决定其就业的职业方向选择。     

供应商专项投资与感知的合作风险:关系发展阶段与控制机制的调节作用研究

本文从供应商———制造商关系发展这一动态的角度探讨供应商专项投资与其感知合作风险之间的关系以及契约和关系规范的不同调节作用.通过对中国家电行业261对供应商与制造商的关系的问卷调查,采用因子分析和多元回归的方法对概念模型及假设进行验证.本文研究结果表明:(1)在不同的关系发展阶段供应商专项投资与其感知的合作风险有着显著的差异.(2)尽管契约和关系规范对供应商专项投资与其感知的合作风险间的正向关系有着负向调节作用,但在关系发展的不同阶段,这种调节作用也存在着显著的差异.本文对于认识和了解关系发展阶段中供应商专项投资带来的合作风险感知水平的变化以及两种不同控制机制调节作用的差异性具有重要的理论和现实意义.     

An expanded typology of conflict at work: Task,relationship and non-task organizational conflict as social stressors

This study investigated the roles of three types of conflict at work – task, relationship and non-task organizational – in predicting employee strain. These conflict types refer to disputes over issues that are, respectively, work-task specific, driven by emotionally charged interpersonal animosity or rooted in more broad organizationally relevant issues. Findings from a sample of 260 working adults from various organizations in the United States supported the notion that the three types of conflict function as social stressors and are related to a variety of psychological, behavioural and physical strains. They extend previous research based primarily on relationship conflict. Non-task organizational conflict emerged as a key predictor across strain criteria, thus highlighting the importance of including a more complete conceptualization of the conflict construct in social stress research. The results for task conflict are at variance with findings that it can be beneficial, and suggest that its negative relationship with well-being may be due to its co-occurrence with the other forms of conflict. These findings provide support for an expanded typology of conflict.     

Selection of resilient supply portfolio under disruption risks

This paper deals with the optimal selection and protection of part suppliers and order quantity allocation in a supply chain with disruption risks. The protection decisions include the selection of suppliers to be protected against disruptions and the allocation of emergency inventory of parts to be pre-positioned at the protected suppliers. The decision maker needs to decide which supplier to select for parts delivery and how to allocate orders quantity among the selected suppliers, and which of the selected suppliers to protect against disruptions and how to allocate emergency inventory among the protected suppliers. The problem objective is to achieve a minimum cost of suppliers protection, emergency inventory pre-positioning, parts ordering, purchasing, transportation and shortage and to mitigate the impact of disruption risks by minimizing the potential worst-case cost. As a result a resilient supply portfolio is identified with protected suppliers capable of supplying parts in the face of disruption events. A mixed integer programming approach is proposed to determine risk-neutral, risk-averse or mean-risk supply portfolios, with conditional value-at-risk applied to control the risk of worst-case cost. Numerical examples are presented and some computational results are reported.     

国内所有权保留买卖合同中标的物风险移转新论

所有权保留买卖作为现代民法权利分化的一种现象,在买卖双方以及第三人之间是一种独一无二的利益平衡方式。然而,国内所有权保留买卖合同标的物风险的转移没有明确规定,可以按照交易时的环境和条件,由能够控制风险的一方当事人承担标的物转移毁损、灭失的风险,较能实现当事人的利益平衡。