A property of coefficients of variation for ordered bivariate log-normal variables

This paper considers the maximum and minimum of a pair of log-normal variables with equal mean. It shows that either order statistic has a smaller coefficient of variation than the two original log-normal variables provided the latter are of equal variance. When the variances are unequal, as the variance ratio increases, the minimum (maximum), has a smaller coefficient of variation if the correlation coefficient of the log-normal variables is small (small) and the variances are large (small).     

施肥量与垄作方式对牛蒡子出苗率及苗期生长的影响

从施肥量（高肥、中肥、低肥）、垄作方式（上垄、下垄、下垄覆膜）两因素对牛蒡子的出苗及苗期生长情况做了一些系统观察和分析．结果表明：低肥，上垄有利于出苗，高肥有利于苗期的生长．此研究可为牛蒡子的进一步开发利用及科研提供科学依据．     

A Polynomial Optimization Approach to Principal–Agent Problems

This paper presents a new method for the analysis of moral hazard principal–agent problems. The new approach avoids the stringent assumptions on the distribution of outcomes made by the classical first‐order approach and instead only requires the agent's expected utility to be a rational function of the action. This assumption allows for a reformulation of the agent's utility maximization problem as an equivalent system of equations and inequalities. This reformulation in turn transforms the principal's utility maximization problem into a nonlinear program. Under the additional assumptions that the principal's expected utility is a polynomial and the agent's expected utility is rational in the wage, the final nonlinear program can be solved to global optimality. The paper also shows how to first approximate expected utility functions that are not rational by polynomials, so that the polynomial optimization approach can be applied to compute an approximate solution to nonpolynomial problems. Finally, the paper demonstrates that the polynomial optimization approach extends to principal–agent models with multidimensional action sets.     

如何解释资本结构的调整方式和速度--基于福耀玻璃的案例分析与讨论

以现有资本结构理论为基础,试图寻找能解释各种典型公司资本结构调整方式和速度的理论框架。首先以案例分析为基础分析了主流资本结构理论对案例公司资本结构调整方式的解释程度和解释异同。然后结合公司的财务政策,定性分析了主流理论对于资本结构调整方式存在解释异同的背后原因以及将主流理论融合的理论框架。认为从资金供需的角度理解权衡理论和优序融资理论以及市场择时理论,可以将这些主流理论统一起来解释各种典型的资本结构调整方式。同时,发现以计量模型估算的资本结构调整速度推断资本结构调整到目标水平所需的时间,会误导人们对于资本结构调整方式的理解。     

“双向祛建制性”与乡村天主教血缘家族一体化——来源于冀中赵村田野经验的研究

在中国乡村社会,天主教的传播没有产生像欧洲社会那种瓦解替代血缘家族组织的社会后果,而是在一定范围内与血缘家族组织发生了特定模式的融通。对此,本文通过呈现生活于河北赵村骆姓天主教皈信者,对其血缘家族关系与天主教教友的双从身份关系的一体化处理过程,来展现他们身为教友又属同一家族的事实。并认为,总体性公共秩序的民族国家转型,对均具有政治潜能的传统家族与制度性“教会”所进行的双向消解的祛建制性过程,提供了这种一体化的制度条件。在这一意义上,继承19世纪末以来由强大行政力量推动现代化特征的当下国家,对于相关问题的理解与设计仍将起决定作用。     

中日两国人名、称谓文化考

姓名是个人与社会联系的纽带,是个人在社会上存在的一种证明。称谓是以本人为轴心确定亲属以及非亲属与本人关系的标志。无论是在中国还是在日本,姓名和称谓对于人们来说都有着非常重要的意义。但是,由于两国的历史文化以及价值取向不同,导致了两国人民在对姓名及称谓的认知不尽相同。中国古代在名字的使用上有避讳的制度。在言谈和书写时,遇到君父长上的名字一律要回避。取名时也不能取他们的名字中有的或同音的字。这一习俗在亲属称谓以及社会称谓习俗上也留有烙印。从文化对比的角度,以人名的避讳为切入口,分析中日两国的姓名及称谓的特征和差异以及所产生的原因。这一研究有助于我们对中日两国的姓名及称谓有一个更加系统的认识,对中日两国的社会、传统文化有更加深入的了解。     

土地改革与农村权力秩序的重建--以1950年至1952年的绵阳为个案

土地改革颠覆了农村社会传统的格局和秩序,对当代中国历史发展产生了深远影响。凭借政治动员技术的巧妙运用,我党成功地将自己的意识形态传递给农民,使其形成具有明确指向的阶级意识,从而积极投身到群众运动之中;继之而起的“公审斗争”和“没收赔罚”摧毁了地主的权威,农民由此掌握了乡村话语权,成为政治活动的主体;通过干部整训,我党着力培育造就新的基层执政者阶层,希冀利用他们替代传统精英,实现乡村权力秩序的重建。     

Stochastic comparisons on sample extremes of dependent and heterogenous observations

Stochastic comparison on order statistics from heterogeneous-dependent observations has been paid lots of attention recently. This paper devotes to investigating the ordering properties of order statistics from dependent observations. We derive the usual stochastic order for sample minimums and the second smallest order statistic, the dispersive order and the star order for minimums of samples having proportional hazards and Archimedean survival copulas. Similar ordering results are also obtained for maximums and the second largest order statistic of samples having proportional reversed hazards and Archimedean copulas. Several examples illustrating the main results are presented as well.     

A Rejection Principle for Sequential Tests of Multiple Hypotheses Controlling Familywise Error Rates

We present a unifying approach to multiple testing procedures for sequential (or streaming) data by giving sufficient conditions for a sequential multiple testing procedure to control the familywise error rate (FWER). Together, we call these conditions a ‘rejection principle for sequential tests’, which we then apply to some existing sequential multiple testing procedures to give simplified understanding of their FWER control. Next, the principle is applied to derive two new sequential multiple testing procedures with provable FWER control, one for testing hypotheses in order and another for closed testing. Examples of these new procedures are given by applying them to a chromosome aberration data set and finding the maximum safe dose of a treatment.