Information and communication technology adoption in micro and small firms: Can internet access improve labour productivity?

The rapid spread of information and communication technologies (ICT) may increase firms’ productivity with important consequences for job creation and for economic growth. This article contributes to this discussion by analysing the impact of internet adoption on labour productivity and the mechanisms shaping this relationship in Peruvian micro and small manufacturing firms over the period 2011–2013. The article estimates a reduced form where labour productivity is a function of internet adoption and other explanatory factors. Internet adoption is instrumented using a measure of the availability of financial opportunities for micro and small firms in Peru. Findings indicate that internet adoption: (a) increases firms’ labour productivity; (b) reallocates employment away from temporary administrative workers and non‐remunerated workers and expands employment of permanent production workers; (c) leads to the formalization of labour relationships, to the implementation of new organizational practices and to the improvement of training measures. While changes in employment and formalization of workers are linked to labour productivity gains, increases in training measures and organizational changes do not generate any additional productivity increase. Policies oriented to promote the adoption of ICT in micro and small firms can be beneficial to close the productivity gap with larger firms in Peru. Moreover, policies directed to the formalization of the workforce can provide an extra benefit, i.e. additional labour productivity gains in firms adopting the internet. Finally, policies oriented to the development of digital skills are also important to ease the re‐employment of those workers losing their jobs and the achievement of additional productivity gains that new organizational practices can provide.     

“There Aren't Any Gays Here”: Encountering Heteroprofessionalism in an International Development Workplace

Western-oriented workplaces use professionalism as a normative value to sustain and promote a cohesive work environment. Yet, through this qualitative study, the author points out some implications of using professionalism to manage staff relationships and behaviors. Using post-conflict Kosovo as the context, the author examined (a) the work experiences of 8 gay male aid workers and (b) the attitudes toward homosexuality of foreign staff members in 2 international aid agencies. The author introduces and suggests heteroprofessionalism as a root to homophobic and heterosexist behaviors present in the study. Heteroprofessionalism is defined as a professional value that screens out homosexuality.     

体制化“空转”： 发展悖境中社区工作站运行的组织行为分析——以S市X社区为例

社区工作站作为承接政府社区公共服务职能的新型社会组织，似乎并未真正摒弃行政化积弊及普遍性怠政现象，凸显出事实与价值背离的发展悖境态势。在当前新工作情境下，社区工作站无论是窗口、街头还是社区,其实都呈现出无工作负荷的“空转”状态，并彰显惯习性运作的体制化印记，而体制化“空转”的致因逻辑又在于情境暗示效应下的规章制度软性约束、街道办“示范效应”及社区工作“应付法则”。对此，有必要由情境反思予以解悖，从“干净的石板（clean slate）”出发，在政策原点上破解社区工作站的运行困境，尝试社区工作站的机构撤并及职能删减,以摒除社区公共服务工作中本不该有的体制化“空转”状态，力促基层组织体制改革去行政化的不二取向。     

Black men teaching: toward a theory of social isolation in organizations

ABSTRACT

While there continues to be increasing research about Black male teachers’ school-based experiences, there is less empirical evidence on the variation in these experiences for this subgroup. Drawing on Kanter’s Theory of Numbers and Group Composition, the researcher used the qualitative method to compare the perceptions of Black male teachers in schools that employ just one Black male teacher versus schools with larger numbers of Black male teachers. A theory of social isolation in organizations is proposed to explain differences in the variation of school-based experiences for Black male teachers. When compared to Black men in schools with larger percentages of Black male teachers on the faculty, those Black men who were the only Black male teachers on their faculty were more likely to describe feeling socially isolated and disconnected from their colleagues.     

构建网络的人力资源实践对组织绩效的影响:人力资源柔性的中介作用

人力资源实践是战略人力资源管理研究中的热点问题.有研究表明,探究社会网络在人力资源实践中的应用有利于进一步揭示人力资源实践的构成及其对组织绩效的作用机理.本文以615份有效问卷为样本,应用多元回归分析方法,研究构建网络的人力资源实践对组织绩效的影响以及人力资源柔性的中介作用.研究结果表明,构建网络的人力资源实践对人力资源柔性和组织绩效都有显著作用,而人力资源柔性在其中起到部分中介作用.研究结论为社会资本理论在人力资源实践中的应用提供了重要启示.     

土地股份合作社内部能形成利益联结机制吗？

土地股份合作社在促进资本与农地结合,实现小农户与现代农业衔接上具有独特优势。通过对普通社员与核心社员在土地股份合作社不同发展阶段的可选策略的讨论,分析合作社不同发展阶段利益联结机制的特征,并对黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市克山县仁发合作社的利益联结机制进行案例研究后提出:土地股份合作社坚持“退社自由”原则有利于保护普通社员的基本权益,但不利于在合作社内部形成“风险共担”机制,要在保证普通社员基本权益的同时建立“利益共享、风险共担”的利益联结机制,应该充分利用计提公积金这一手段,不允许社员退社时退回公积金或许是有利于土地股份合作社内部形成“风险共担”机制的一个可尝试的方法。     

农民合作社信用合作满意度实证研究——基于内部社会资本分析视角

基于对3个省的3个县市区253家合作社的调查数据,运用因子分析法和二元Logistic分析法实证研究合作社社员满意度的影响因素。因子分析结果表明:内部社会资本由内部信任、内部规范和社会网络等3个因子构成。Logistic回归分析结果显示:内部信任、内部规范这两个测量变量与社员满意度存在显著的正相关性,而社会规范与社员满意度之间呈显著的负向相关关系。组织认同能够提高社员对合作社的满意度,且加入合作社时间越短的社员对合作社的满意度越高。此外,还通过剔除不显著变量和增加变量的方法对社员满意度进行回归分析,结果证明研究结论具有高度的稳健性。据此提出建立健全信用合作管理制度、加强合作社的社会整合功能、发挥合作社示范作用的政策建议。     

关于研究型大学学术组织创新的思考

在对研究型大学学科发展的内在规律进行剖析的基础上,分析了高校内部现有的学术组织在组织形式、管理机制、资源配置体制上存在的问题,并对国外研究型大学的学术组织进行了研究,从学术组织结构、科研和人才培养模式、内部管理体系、社会支持和参与体系四方面进行了分析总结,在借鉴国外研究型大学学术组织建设经验的基础上,针对国内研究型大学学术组织存在的问题,提出在我国研究型大学学术组织创新中,应着眼于学术组织的结构创新和制度创新,建立多样化的学科交叉体系、严密而灵活的运作机制等建议。     

语言磨蚀新问题 ——回归假说质疑

雅克布逊回归假说是语言磨蚀领域中传统的假说,随着语言磨蚀研究进一步深化,相当多的学者认可了该假说.然而,比较失语症幼儿的语言习得和磨蚀的研究结果未能证实回归假说,对健康人群的研究同样未能证实回归假说,记忆学和心理学领域也没有理论足以支持回归假说,回归假说还有很大的验证空间,它也可能并不符合语言磨蚀规律.     

组织传播学科建设中的多媒体案例教学探讨

与一般文本案例教学比较,多媒体案例教学能再现真实的传播场景,向学生展示组织中交互重叠的各种传播因素,帮助学生掌握在复杂系统中处理大量组织传播问题的基本技能.文章结合教学实践,提出在组织传播教学中采用多媒体案例教学的方法和多媒体案例库建设的问题.