Conceptual Framework of Coalitions in an Organizational Context

Summary

Organizations are forming coalitions in their struggle to survive with fewer resources. Under the “Contract With America,” funds for human services are expected to be increasingly cut back. Organizational actors will continue to coalesce because of their compelling interests to serve disadvantaged populations in our communities. This article uses the political-economy perspective in presenting a conceptual framework of coalitions in organizational settings. We need access to various perspectives and models of coalition building in order to provide direction for organizational groups as they attempt to change the sociopolitical structures in which they must operate.     

Path(ological) Dependency? Core Competencies from an Organizational Perspective

The development of the 'resource-based theory of the firm' has helped to reorient the field of strategic management towards a focus on the organizational processes and structures which produce 'core competencies'. By challenging previous assumptions of market determinism this approach seems to open up the prospect of a greater dialogue with the theories and concerns of organization studies. This paper aims to determine the scope of such a dialogue by developing an appreciation and critique of the core competencies framework from an organizational perspective. In this context, the key feature of resource-based theories is seen to be their focus on organizational knowledge rather than decision-making processes as the engine of competitive performance. This focus has a powerful resonance with studies of knowledge in organizations, particularly those forms of knowledge which are linked to product and process design.
However, despite the important shift towards a knowledge-based view of competition, the core competencies approach fails to follow the logic of its own argument as far as the organizational appropriation of knowledge is concerned. In their pursuit of an ontological model of competitive performance –defining the essential causes of firm competitiveness – resource-based approaches neglect the socially embedded qualities of organizational knowledge. As a result, the social construction of knowledge, encompassing the dilemmas posed by the employment relationship and the pitfalls of institutionalization, is neglected. Instead, a smoothly linear model is developed linking skills, competence and competitiveness. This mechanistic view is further reinforced by reliance on a command and control model of the management process. Organizational knowledge is not a biddable resource at the disposal of top management.     

互联网信息作为现有技术的界定

由于互联网信息的不稳定性和多样性,对于如何在现有法律框架下将互联网信息纳入现有技术的范围存有诸多困难,在分析互联网信息作为现有技术特征的基础上,该文认为,应从以下三个方面将互联网信息界定为现有技术：在公开的时间上,主要应通过建立“豁免网站”名单来确定;在公开方式和地域上,完全可以将互联网信息作为其他的公开方式;在公众可获取性上,应在对互联网信息内容分类的基础上进行区别考虑。同时,对于其他特殊情况则应进行个案分析。     

基于CBR技术的员工流失风险识别方法

员工流失风险识别是企业发现并准确识别各种员工流失风险因素的过程，是企业制定相应的员工流失风险管理措施的基础。基于员工流失风险识别的特征，讨论一种基于实例的推理技术在员工流失风险识别过程中的具体应用，重点研究风险识别实例的知识表示、组织管理及检索与匹配方法，为企业有效实施员工流失风险管理提供解决方案。     

电信发展趋势与运营转型

在经历了10多年的高速发展之后，中国电信运营企业已经进入业务与产品运营阶段。因此，电信运营企业应通过整合内外资源，科学构建业务网络，合理进行组织变革，并通过成功的产品管理，利用业务平台提供满足客户个性化需求的产品，实现电信运营企业的成功转型，最终保证企业的长期盈利能力。     

Applying the ‘Experience-Near’ Principle To Research: Psychoanalytically Informed Methods1

This article is about how to preserve the vitality of the meaning conveyed to social science researchers by participants. I use the example of a qualitative, psycho-social project on the topic of how women's identities change when they become mothers for the first time. Psychoanalysis was used and adapted to understand both participants' and researchers' experience, and the relation of these to each other. I describe two psychoanalytically informed research methods, free association narrative interviewing and infant observation, and give examples of how, separately and together they can go beyond a text-based method and conceptualise identities in ways that avoid reproducing assumptions of rational, unitary, discursive subjectivity. In assessing how well the two methods worked, I focus my discussion on the observation method using four themes: dimensions of time, embodiment and practices, spatial sensitivity and multiple positioning, and how knowing is accomplished in research.     

Organizational Changes and Job Satisfaction among Support Staff

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to identify job satisfaction amongst support staff employed by a nonprofit company undergoing organizational changes. The Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) scale was used to measure overall job satisfaction and was conducted among 38 workers and the data was analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate that workers were satisfied with some sections of their job but also dissatisfied with some others, scoring an average job satisfaction amongst the participating groups. Factors such as good relations with colleagues, training opportunities, and work flexibility were identified to assist with increasing worker satisfaction. Further suggestions for enhancing employees’ job satisfaction are provided.     

Fairness and commitment to change in M&As: The mediating role of organizational identification

This paper examines the determinants of employees' affective commitment to change in the context of M&As. Based on the group engagement model (Tyler & Blader, 2000, 2003), we predicted that organizational identification with the newly formed organization mediates the positive impact of employees’ overall justice judgments and perceived change favorableness on affective commitment to change. We tested our predictions using data collected during an international merger. After controlling for country effects, results support our hypotheses. Implications for research and practice alike are discussed.     

跨国公司空间组织结构浅析

跨国公司不同于一般企业 ,有其独特的部门分工和布局形式 ,从而形成相应的空间组织结构。这种结构既便于跨国公司的国际经营又便于利用各国的优势资源。本文试图对这种空间组织结构进行初步探讨     

Identification of arma models with non-gaussian innovations

The problem of modelling time series driven by non-Gaussian innovation has been considered recently by Li and McLeod (1988). In this paper we have discussed the problem of identification of ARMA models with non-Gaussian innovations. Simulation experiments are used to study the applicability of theoretical results.