A measure of output gap for Italy through structural time series models

The aim of this paper is to achieve a reliable estimate of the output gap for Italy through the development of several models within the class of the unobserved component time series models. These formulations imply the decomposition of output into a trend component (the 'potential output') and a cycle component (the 'output gap'). Both univariate and multivariate methods will be explored. In the former, only one measure of aggregate activity, such as GDP, is considered; in the latter, unemployment and industrial production are introduced. A comparison with alternative measures of output gap, mainly those published by international organisations, will conclude.     

A Framework of Asset-Accumulation Stages and Strategies

Based on a study with 298 low-income participants, we propose that asset accumulation occurs in 3 stages. In the first stage (reallocation), current resource inflows exceed current outflows. To do this, people reallocate resources from consumption or leisure. In the second stage (conversion), people may convert resources from liquid to illiquid forms. In the third stage (maintenance), people resist temptations to dissave. We theorize that people adopt psychological and behavioral strategies to achieve these objectives. Putting psychological and behavioral strategies together with the stages of reallocation, conversion, and maintenance results in 6 strategy groups. We provide real-world examples of each strategy group and discuss implications for encouraging account ownership among the unbanked, improving asset-accumulation programs, and improving financial education.     

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Private Sector: What Are the Lessons for Health and Social Services?

In seeking a more seamless provision of health and social care, the government is promoting the merger of the functions of primary and community health services and social services. In the private sector, mergers have been commonplace. The primary aim of this paper is to identify the key concepts and explanatory frameworks in the literature on mergers and acquisitions in the private sector that are relevant to the development of new organizational structures in health and social care. The evidence suggests that it is difficult to merge two organizations successfully. Reasons for this are explored and the implications for health and social care mergers drawn out.     

ATM网络中综合业务漏桶算法的研究

对综合业务的漏桶算法进行了分析，得出了实时业务和非实时业务的漏桶性能（分组丢失率，平均时延）与输入业务统计特性及漏桶参数之间的关系．计算机模拟结果表明它与理论分析的一致性。     

中子照像前屏厚度的优选

本文分析了中子照像闪烁增强屏的工作机理,推导出前屏光强输出的计算公式。由该式可知,就光强输出而言,前屏具有一个最佳厚度,在此厚度下光强输出最大。     

网络环境下参考咨询工作的特点及其对策

网络环境的形成赋予了参考咨询工作新的内涵 ,表现在 :参考信息源的多样化 ,服务方式的多元化 ,服务时间的连续性 ,服务模式的主动性和交互性 ,检索工具的智能化和现代化 ,用户教育的远程化 ,参考咨询的广泛性。为了更好地开展网络环境下的参考咨询工作 ,图书馆应加强网络建设及其网络信息资源建设 ,对用户开展网络知识培训 ,同时还要提高咨询人员的综合素质。     

Personal Services in the Post-industrial Economy: Adding Nonprofits to the Welfare Mix

This article develops linkages between two separate fields of research, namely work on post‐industrial welfare states, and work on nonprofit organizations. It pays particular attention to the emphasis on personal services and the “cost disease” hypothesis found in the former, which places strong constraints on improving pay and job quality in the nonprofit sector. At the same time, it argues that the post‐industrial welfare states literature, despite its emphasis on personal services, has largely ignored the significant and growing role of nonprofits in delivering these services, and thus the potential of these organizations to shape their relevant labour markets. This poses the question about the relative weight of productivity‐related wage restraints in personal services versus the capacity for agency by nonprofits. The final section of the paper engages in a critique of the “cost disease” hypothesis to suggest that space exists to improve pay and job quality in nonprofit personal services, despite productivity‐related constraints.     

计算机在会计信息质量控制中的作用

为保证会计信息的正确性与可靠性,提高会计工作效率,本文指出计算机在会计信息质量控制方面的重要作用,给出电算化会计信息系统总体控制所采用的组织控制,系统的操作使用、开发过程、软硬件、会计档案和安全保密控制等重要措施,同时介绍了应用控制中的输入、数据处理过程、输出控制等有关方法。     

Regulating inclusivity: reforming adoption law for the 21st century

ABSTRACT The process of the reform of current adoption law in England and Wales to better meet the needs of adoption practice has been a lengthy one. The extent to which the regulatory framework set out in the Adoption Act 1976 reflects an exclusive model of adoption no longer suited to current practice is well recognized. In this paper the reforms (about to be) enacted in the Adoption and Children Act 2002 are critically considered in the light of the identified requirements of a regulatory system supportive of an inclusive model better suited to the changed nature of adoption. Key themes running through the requirements are explored in the context of the reforms, and the extent to which the paramountcy of the welfare of the child will be underpinned by respect and support for the needs and rights of all parties to the so‐called adoption triangle. Whilst the new legislation is specific to England and Wales, the issues discussed are relevant not only in other common law jurisdictions but throughout the developed world.     

语言的输入、输出与外语教学

外语学习中的输入和输出是密切相关的。输入是输出的必要准备 ,输出是输入的目的 ,反过来又能激发输入。二者相辅相成 ,都有助于学生语言综合能力的提高。从克拉申的二语习得理论及吴潜龙的二语习得过程认知心理分析 ,均看出外语教学中输入、输出的密切关系及对外语教学的重要性。从Swain的输出三功能可看出输入输出同等重要。目前英语教学中须克服两种错误倾向 ,应增加适当的输入和输出。