我国东中西部地区专利创新效率差异研究

随着科学技术和社会经济的发展,创新成为推动经济迅速发展的重要力量,而专利是创新成果的主要表现形式,在生产实践中成功应用专利是提高生产力的重要动力。由于我国各区域的经济水平和产业结构等方面存在不同,因此,各区域的专利创新效率也存在差异。本文通过设计专利创新效率综合评价指标体系,运用数据包络分析的方法,对我国东中西部区域创新效率进行了综合分析。继而运用多元统计回归的方法探讨了形成各地区专利创新效率差异的影响因素。     

北极国家对北极考察管理制度之比较研究

北极国家尤其是北冰洋沿岸国家对于北极考察都有较为完备的管理制度,并且通过立法加以保障。立法主旨主要是通过规范和推动北极考察达到提升对北极利用水平的目的。各国一般都设立了统筹各政府部门与北极考察有关工作的主管机构。管理制度的核心主要是对于考察活动的许可制度以及环境影响评价制度。我国在制定极地考察法规的过程中,一方面应当汲取这些制度中的先进经验,另一方面对于其中对外国考察活动的规制应当作出反应。     

职务发明创造的专利权利之研究——对专利法第六条的质疑

职务发明创造是受雇人在履行其职务时产生的体现单位意志的智力活动成果,包含劳动关系和职务发明创造关系两个法律关系。职务发明创造关系的产生以劳动关系为基础,以履行职务义务为条件。受雇人利用本单位的物质技术条件,但不受劳动关系的约束,独立于职务义务之外所完成的发明创造成果,申请专利的权利和专利权属于发明人或设计人本人。现行专利法第六条违背了民事主体之间的公平原则,不利于实现专利法的立法目的。本文在比较研究的基础上提出了对其加以完善的立法建议。      

试论专利代理人的重要作用

专利代理人是联系申请人与专利行政部门之间的一座桥梁。文章主要论述了专利代理人在专利申请前、撰写专利申请文件过程中以及专利审查过程中的作用。      

专利制度与重庆的大发展

重庆要在西部大开发中掌握主动权 ,就必须充分认识专利制度在技术创新中的重要作用 ,建立一套完善的专利机制 ,促进技术创新及其产业化 ,以保障重庆实现西部大开发的战略举措     

专利保护下闭环供应链的再制造策略研究

在专利完善市场,受专利保护的原制造商享有产品再制造的专有权利,只有获得原制造商的专利许可,第三方再制造商才能进行旧产品的回收再制造。本文分析了受专利保护下原制造商所采取的不同再制造策略:阻止旧产品再制造(N策略)、原制造商自己再制造(O策略)和许可第三方再制造商进行再制造(A策略),并建立了由零售商负责旧产品回收的闭环供应链模型。通过比较发现,只有在第三方再制造商处理旧产品的节省成本足够低时,受专利保护的原制造商才会选择许可第三方再制造商进行旧产品再制造。     

应用型工程院校专利市场化机制的瓶颈分析

目前,我国现行应用型工程院校专利市场化机制存在专利市场化目标定位模糊、管理资源配置制度不完善、科技信息服务制度不合理、考核激励制度缺失等不足。需在现行专利市场化目标的指导下,完善其专利市场化机制,以期能紧扣关键、凝炼优势、聚焦瓶颈、持续增值,从而打造应用型工程院校专利市场化机制的范本。     

反思社会工作的“证照化”

改革开放以来，随着社会工作专业化进程的推进，社会工作职业资格认证制度得以建立，证照化趋势开始形成，但是对专业社会工作的反思也日益增多。本文通过对G省社会工作认证制度改革的调查，指出专业社会工作所形成的专业主义的话语霸权，使得很多实际从事社会工作的基层工作者难以获得相应资格，他们的工作迅速被边缘化。通过分析“专业主义”话语霸权的来源，本文亦指出今后证照化的发展，应该设置社会工作员，发展多样化的认证制度，并给以相应的政策配套支持。     

The Role of an Electronic Resources Librarian in Procuring Accessible Online Resources

Abstract

Per the 2019 NASIG Core Competencies for electronic resources librarians (ERL), ERLs “work with concepts and methods that are very much in flux … [they are] knowledgeable about the legal framework within which libraries and information agencies operate… [including] laws relating to… equal rights (e.g., the Americans with Disabilities Act)”. However, the Core Competencies do not define the level to which an ERL is responsible for determining the accessibility of an electronic resource. This article aims to create a better understanding of the steps an ERL can take to develop an accessibility statement pertaining to procuring accessible content. This article synthesizes key laws and policies that ERLs should be aware of in order to draft an accessibility procurement statement for their institution. It will also discuss licensing strategies, documentation collection, and conducting potential audits of electronic purchases.     

Restaurant tipping in a field experiment: How do customers tip when they receive too much change?

Tipping behavior is analyzed in a field experiment where restaurant customers received excessive change, either 10 or 40 Shekels (about $3 versus $12). One third of the tables reported the extra change to the server and returned it. Tips were higher with the higher level of extra change. Returning the extra change was negatively correlated with tips. The interaction between the level of extra change and whether it was returned had no effect. Possible explanations that tips are higher when the excessive change is not returned due to a positive income effect or perceiving paying a tip out of excessive change as less costly because it is a forgone gain and not a loss, are not supported by the data. Subjects may have exhibited moral licensing and moral cleansing effects. These effects, however, were possibly mitigated by a self-selection effect going in the opposite direction: those who are more generous or altruistic by their nature are more likely to return the extra change and also more likely to tip generously. Receiving the larger amount of extra change may result in feelings of good mood, perceived luckiness, or individuation and unconscious fear of being observed, which increase tips. Interestingly, these feelings seem to remain even if the extra change was returned.