The Hollow Ring of Donor Commitment: Country Concentration and the Decoupling of Aid‐Effectiveness Norms from Donor Practice

The fragmentation of a donor's foreign aid across too many recipient countries is widely believed to be detrimental to aid effectiveness. This article explores the origins of a new norm – recipient concentration – and assesses the extent to which it can be expected to improve aid effectiveness. It also examines 23 donors' actual record of country concentration, and finds that, though there are some potential explanations for donors' behaviour, their collective failure to implement country concentration has very little consequence in theory or in practice.     

Context,Cultural Bias,and Health Risk Perception: The “Everyday” Nature of Pesticide Policy Preferences in London,Calgary, and Halifax

Risk perception and the cultural theory of risk have often been contrasted in relation to risk‐related policy making; however, the local context in which risks are experienced, an important component of everyday decision making, remains understudied. What is unclear is the extent to which localized community beliefs and behaviors depend on larger belief systems about risk (i.e., worldviews). This article reports on a study designed to understand the relative importance of health risk perceptions (threat of harm); risk‐related worldviews (cultural biases); and the experiences of local context (situated risk) for predicting risk‐related policy preferences regarding cosmetic pesticides. Responses to a random telephone questionnaire are used to compare residents’ risk perceptions, cultural biases, and pesticide bylaw preferences in Calgary (Alberta), Halifax (Nova Scotia), and London (Ontario), Canada. Logistic regression shows that the most important determinants of pesticide bylaw preference are risk perception, lack of benefit, and pesticide “abstinence.” Though perception of health risk is the best single predictor of differences in bylaw preferences, social factors such as gender and situated risk factors like conflict over chemical pesticides, are also important. Though cultural biases are not important predictors of pesticide bylaw preference, as in other studies, they are significant predictors of health risk perception. Pesticide bylaw preference is therefore more than just a health risk perception or worldview issue; it is also about how health risk becomes situated—contextually—in the experiences of residents’ everyday lives.     

On concurrence of several linear regressions and applications to problems of enzyme kinetics

In comparing several regressions E(y_ij) =α_i + β_ix_ij i = 1, 2, ..., k, j = 1,2, ..., n_i, researchers are generally interested in the following five problems: whether they have (1) equal slope, (2) equal intercept, (3) coincidence, (4) common intersection on X-axis, and (5) common intersection on (X,Y) - plane. Problems (1) - (3) can be put into the framework of the general linear hypothesis and the F-test can be used. However, problems (4) and (5) cannot be put into the general linear hypothesis because they are ratios of parameters. Hence, in this paper we consider the generalized likelihood ratio test for hypothesis testing. An application to an enzyme kinetics problem in Aniline Metabolism is demonstrated     

我国区域经济集聚的环境效应研究

区域经济集聚通常对地方的经济增长和城市化发展具有巨大的推动作用，但在生态环境方面的作用却相反。主要表现在三个方面：在区域内。经济集聚的环境效应会使地方环境问题目趋严重；在区域外。经济集聚引致了大规模的跨区域资源配置，这种跨区域的经济要素流动由于缺乏应有的生态补偿机制的配合，会将经济集聚的环境负效应扩散到资源流出地区，造成全局性的环境问题；在环境治理方面。现有的环境政策并不能减弱经济集聚的向心力与环境负效应，反而刺激了经济集聚，增加了集聚区域的经济总量和污染排放总量。结果，经济集聚的环境问题更加突出。并向区域外扩散，呈现出一种全局性的生态环境恶化趋势。     

The changing spatial distribution and concentration of Australias chinese and Vietnamese communities: An analysis of 1986–2006 Australian population census data

This paper describes the changing spatial distribution and concentration of Chinese and Vietnamese communities in Australia over the two past decades. The research analyses data of individuals (i) born in the People’s Republic of China or Vietnam, (ii) of Chinese or Vietnamese ancestry, and (iii) who spoke Chinese or Vietnamese languages at home. Basic demographic and economic factors at the SLA level are considered to provide an initial discussion of meso-level factors which may have contributed to changes in Chinese-and Vietnamese-Australian distributions and concentrations since 1986. As expected, from field observations, the data reveal a contrasting picture of the spatial distribution and concentration of the Chinese- and Vietnamese-Australian communities, and indicate that although a few areas of high Vietnamese spatial concentration have persisted into 2006, and a few areas of high’ Chinese spatial concentration have developed since 1986, overall there is an increasing dispersion of both communities into the broader Australian community.     

瞬态浓度场的光学测量系统

基于数字图像处理技术和光学粒子散射理论，研制了具有非接触式、全场测量、被测面积大和成本低等特征的瞬态浓度场定量光学测量系统，其可以测量瞬态浓度场的相对值，经过标定也可以测量绝对值．实验结果表明，该系统与传统的接触式单点浓度测量方法相比，具有显著的全场瞬态测量的优越性，应用前景广阔。     

水处理工程中的参数优化

在水处理过程中 ,选取合理的设计参数能使处理费用达到最小 ,对污泥负荷以及厌氧———好氧的接口浓度的优化进行了探讨     

果蔬气调包装设计及贮藏期预测

建立了果蔬气调包装的数学模型,通过数值模拟预测包装袋内的气体浓度变化及达到动态平衡时的气体浓度,给出了包装材料的确定方法及不同气调参数下果蔬气调包装贮藏期的预测方法.以黄桃为研究对象,测定了5℃和25℃下自发气调包装的气体浓度变化规律,进行了0℃及体积分数为2%O2、5%CO2初始浓度条件下的主动气调包装贮藏实验.实验结果验证了数学模型预测结果的正确性.     

Bayesian Measures of the Minimum Detectable Concentration of an Immunoassay

The minimum detectable concentration (MDC) is one of the most important properties of an assay. It is a statement about the smallest physical quantity an assay can reliably measure, and is used in assay design and quality control assessments. A plethora of measures of the MDC have been reported in a widely scattered literature. Many of these were developed at a time when accuracy and relevance had to be sacrificed for computational feasibility. This paper identifies limitations of existing measures and demonstrates how Bayesian inference may be used to overcome these limitations. Several new measures of the MDC are developed. These are conceptually simpler than existing measures, and are free of analytical approximations. The recent advances in Bayesian computation make them efficient to evaluate. A procedure developed in this paper measures the difference in the quality of two assays and shows that the new Bayesian measures perform better than existing measures.     

气相色谱——电子捕获法宝测定人血浆中阿那曲唑浓度

建立测定人血浆中阿那曲唑浓度的方法。方法:用气相色谱-电子捕获法分离分析阿那曲唑和内标物(地西泮),采用50％苯基甲基础酮毛细管柱(30m×0.53mm,0.5μm),以高纯氮(99.999％)为载气,压力为170kPa,尾吹为60mL·min~(-1)。进样口温度为260℃,炉温为220℃。~(63)Ni电子捕获测器,检测器温度为260℃。血样在碱性条件下,用甲基叔丁醚1次提取。结果:血药浓度测定的线性范围为1.325～106μ·L~(-1)。低、中、高血药浓度(5.3,21.2,53.0μg·L~(-1))提取回收率分别为76.8％,87.0％,78.7％。日内和日间精密度均小于9％。20名中国健康男性志愿者单剂量口服阿那曲唑2mg后,0.55～132h内血药浓度在2.8～53.2μg·L~(-1)的范围内。结论:该法简便、准确、灵敏,可用于阿那曲唑生物利用度和药代动力学研究。