Hegemonic Masculinity and Globalization: ‘Transnational Business Masculinities’ and Beyond

In recent years masculinity studies writers, in particular R. W. Connell, have focused on the relationship between globalization and ‘hegemonic’ forms of masculinity. This paper provides an assessment of this scholarship and argues that whilst Connell and others have usefully identified the gendered nature of globalization, masculinity scholars have also provided a somewhat limiting account of the global hegemonic role of a monolithic top-down ‘transnational business masculinity’. By contrast, we suggest a demassification of this notion of hegemonic masculinity. Such a demassification enables the opening up of a dialogue between masculinity studies and feminist and other critical globalization scholars, allowing for a more nuanced analysis that can attend to both the unevenness of globalization in different settings and more detailed awareness of interactions between global and local/cultural/state imperatives. Our aim here is to move away from conceptualizations of globalization and hegemonic masculinity that are exceptionally top-down towards an analysis of the contested and shifting nature of gender identity at the global as well as the local level, to highlight the ways in which different hegemonic masculinities are negotiated, and even resisted. We argue that by understanding ‘transnational business masculinity’ as a discursive ideal that legitimates the workings of global capitalism, there is scope for a greater level of engagement between critical globalization scholarship and gender studies. This might also open the door to an account of globalization that entails more detailed reference to women and femininities.

En años recientes, los escritores sobre Los Estudios de la Masculinidad, y en particular R.W. Connell, se han enfocado en la relación entre la globalización y las formas ‘hegemónicas’ de la masculinidad. Este artículo proporciona una evaluación de esta beca y sostiene que mientras Connell y otros han identificado de manera útil la naturaleza del género de la globalización, los académicos sobre la masculinidad también suministraron un reporte de cierta manera limitado, sobre el rol hegemónico global monolítico del más alto al más bajo, de ‘una masculinidad en los negocios transnacionales’. Por el contrario, nosotros sugerimos una desmasificación de esta noción de masculinidad hegemónica. Tal desmasificación hace posible la apertura de un diálogo entre Los Estudios de la Masculinidad y de Feministas y otros académicos críticos de la globalización, permitiendo un análisis más matizado que puede acudir tanto a la disparidad de la globalización en diferentes escenarios como a una mayor conciencia detallada sobre las interacciones entre los imperativos locales/culturales/estatales. Nuestra meta es separarnos de las conceptualizaciones de la globalización y de la masculinidad hegemónica que son excepcionalmente jerárquicas hacia un análisis de los controvertidos y trasladar la naturaleza de la identidad del género tanto a nivel global como al local, para resaltar las formas como las masculinidades hegemónicas diferentes han negociado, e incluso resistido. Sostenemos que al entender ‘la masculinidad en los negocios transnacionales’ como un ideal discursivo que legitimiza el funcionamiento del capitalismo global, existe un propósito para un nivel mayor de participación entre la investigación crítica de la globalización y los estudios del género. Esto también puede abrir la puerta a un informe de globalización que conlleve una referencia más detallada de mujeres y feminidades.

     

中国医药制造业研发效率及其收敛趋势--基于DEA-Malmquist指数的实证分析

运用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算2000—2010年中国医药制造业研发效率,并分析其变化趋势。研究结果表明,中国医药制造业研发效率总体呈增长趋势,其增长的主要动力源于技术效率的改善;医药制造业研发效率区域差异显著,主要原因在于技术进步与技术效率不能协同增长;从变化趋势看,中国东部省份医药制造业研发效率收敛趋势明显,但全国尚未形成医药制造业研发效率的收敛趋势。     

When Everyone Is an Orphan: Against Adopting a U.S.-Styled Orphan Drug Policy in Canada

Putting aside whether diseases that affect only small numbers of people (“rare diseases”) should be prioritized over diseases that are otherwise orphaned, in this article I argue that a new approach to rare, orphan diseases is needed. The current model, first signaled by the United States' Orphan Drug Act and subsequently emulated by several other jurisdictions, relies on a set of open-ended criteria and market-based incentives in order to define and encourage drug therapies for rare, orphan diseases. Given a) the biopharmaceutical industries' growing interest in orphan diseases, b) progress in the sphere of personalized medicines enabling more and more common diseases to be reclassified as rare, and c) empirical evidence suggesting that the most orphan drugs target only a limited, lucrative subset of rare diseases, I argue that Canada, which recently announced plans to develop its own “orphan drug framework” should not follow the United States' orphan drug model.     

Settlement policies and the economic success of immigrants

Many countries use settlement policies to direct the inflow of immigrants away from immigrant dense areas. We evaluate a reform of Swedish immigration policy that featured the dispersion of refugee immigrants, but also a change in the approach to labor market integration. We focus on how immigrants fared because of the policy. The evaluation indicates that immigrants experienced substantial long run losses. The bulk of the effect stems from a common component that affected immigrants regardless of location. We interpret the common component as being related to a shift in policy focus, from labor market assimilation to income support.All correspondence to Per-Anders Edin. We thank two anonymous referees, Magnus Löfström, seminar participants at the Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation (IFAU), Uppsala University, Stockholm University, the Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), the Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IUI), and the CEPR conference on Marginal Labour Markets in Metropolitan Areas for valuable comments and Lisa Fredriksson for expert data assistance. We are also grateful to Sven Hjelmskog, Roland Jansson, Stig Kattilakoski, Christina Lindblom, Anders Nilsson, Kristina Sterne, and Lena Axelsson of the Immigration Board, and Anna Gralberg of the Ministry of Culture, who generously found time to answer our questions. This research has been partly financed through a grant from the Swedish Council for Work Life Research (RALF). Responsible editor: Christoph M. Schmidt.     

循环经济视野下湖北省经济发展现状与对策分析

近年来,湖北省通过加强政府与企业合作,引导科技研发加快产学研结合,并积极发展社区试点探索经验,循环经济建设取得了初步成果,但是在治污方面还存在一系列问题。有鉴于此,湖北省亟需转变经济增长方式,构建绿色GDP核算体系,建立技术创新体系,加强环保宣传,建立市场机制导向下的循环经济发展模式。     

青年农民工婚姻问题现状及其法律救济

青年农民工是弱势群体的典型代表,他们的婚姻问题对社会的稳定及和谐发展具有重要的意义。近年来,青年农民工结婚难、离婚快的问题逐渐凸显出来。生存环境的恶劣、离婚法律制度法源的分散和不规范、城乡制度的缺失、自身法律意识的淡薄、青年农民工自身的流动性和思想文化的差异等是造成青年农民工婚姻问题的基本因素。基于以上因素,必须进一步从立法、司法、行政等方面提出相应救济措施,完整构筑一个保护青年农民工的法律体系,从各个层面保障青年农民工的权利。     

跨文化交际中的文化回归冲击现象

跨文化交际始于寄居者对东道国文化的适应,而终结于回归者对本土文化的再融入。学界对跨文化适应,尤其是文化冲击或休克现象的研究深入,文献丰富。但对于文化回归者再次融入本土文化所经历的文化冲击研究不足。与文化冲击现象类似,文化回归冲击或休克现象是回归者对本土文化在适应过程中出现的生理、心里障碍。寄居者在东道国经历一定程度的文化适应或影响,当他们回国时对本土文化会产生不适应感或不认同感,甚至出现文化休克症状。文化回归冲击现象由众多因素形成,文化回归冲击过程分不同阶段,而不同性格的回归者也表现出不同的文化回归冲击症状。     

公共研发中心及其建设模式分析——以沈阳铁西装备制造业聚集区公共研发中心为例

以沈阳铁西装备制造业聚集区公共研发中心为例,在明确公共研发中心的重要地位、功能定位和建设模式的基础上,从软环境建设和硬环境建设两个方面阐述公共研发中心的建设构想,重点探讨公共研发中心的建设模式和可行路径。旨在通过分析该建设构想,为我国公共研发中心的实践研究提供例证,并为建设和发展具有中国特色的公共研发中心、提高我国的自主研发能力尤其是企业的合作研发能力提供发展思路。     

Urban Aboriginal use of fringe financial institutions: Survey evidence from Prince George, British Columbia

This paper analyses the use of fringe financial institutions (FFIs), such as payday loan and check cashing providers, by urban Aboriginal people based on a survey undertaken in Prince George, British Columbia. We found that 60% of FFIs’ clients surveyed self-identified as Aboriginal. Their characteristics, compared to the non-Aboriginal FFI clients, included having lower average incomes, lower levels of education, more likely to be female, a higher incidence of being unemployed, higher levels of financial exclusion, and less satisfaction with the service provided by FFIs. We find that government policy towards regulating the FFI industry is inadequate for meeting the basic financial needs of urban Aboriginal people.     

论建国初期社会核心价值教育的当代启示

建国初期,社会政治、经济、文化和思想观念都处于激烈震荡之中。中国共产党通过成功构建社会核心价值体系,并在全社会进行了社会核心价值教育,打下了全国人民共同奋斗的思想基础,使党的各项革命和建设任务得以顺利进行,实现了新旧社会的平稳过渡和转型。建国初期的社会核心价值教育对当代社会主义核心价值体系教育具有重要的借鉴意义。