物理学史与素质教育

从新世纪对学生素质的要求出发 ,应重视并充分发挥物理学史在素质教育中的作用。物理学史有利于学生科学素质、创新素质、人文素质和道德素质的培养。     

手段论与目的论视角下学校体育的有效性思辨

长期以来,有关学校体育是素质教育的手段还是素质教育的目的的问题争论不休。目的论从学科的角度出发,认为学校体育的本质功能就是增强学生体质、提高学生健康水平,评价学校体育的有效性就应该看学生的体质和健康水平状况;手段论从教育的角度出发,认为学校体育是学校教育的一部分,是和学校其它教育相配合为培养全面发展的人服务的教育手段之一。研究认为,手段论和目的论并不是完全对立的,学校体育的教育性是在立足学科功能的基础上体现出来的;所以,学校体育既是素质教育的手段也是目的。     

试论社区体育与学校体育的互动发展

随着社区体育的崛起,学校体育与社区体育紧密相联。本文从学校体育教育的最终目的出发,针对当前社区体育存在的滞后性、盲目性等现状,用推动全民健身运动的思想再认识学校体育与社区体育的发展要求。     

大体积混凝土掺矿粉的试验与应用

矿渣微粉可以改善砼的性能,提高砼密实度,改善砼的和易性,并且可以降低砼水化热,增进后期强度、提高抗腐能力,尤其是磨细矿物掺合料对碱一集料反应的抑制作用。作用辅助胶凝材料的矿粉得到了广泛的认可。     

Life stress, social support, coping and depressive symptoms: a comparison between the general population and family caregivers

Major depression is one of the four most prevalent psychiatric diseases in Taiwan. Furthermore, a study showed that 45 per cent of the family caregivers of persons with persistent psychiatric disability were at risk of depression. The present study aimed at examining if caregivers experienced more depressive symptoms than the general population while controlling for other variables (direct effect), and if the constellation of correlates of depressive symptoms was different between the general population and caregivers (interaction effect). Data from 1979 subjects were gathered in a national survey, using stratified random sampling. The results revealed that the caregivers experienced significantly more depressive symptoms than the general population. However, the effect disappeared when other variables were taken into account. Life stress appeared to be more important than coping and social support. The other two common correlates of depressive symptoms were age and being unmarried. Relational stress mattered especially for caregivers. Lastly, social support variables were significant only for the general population; satisfaction with support could buffer the negative effect of survival stress on depressive symptoms.     

西北普通高校大学生体育锻炼意识与运动兴趣的调查研究

通过对西北普通高校大学生体育锻炼意识、健康状况与运动兴趣调查分析表明 :大学生喜欢上体育的人数不到 6 0 % ,相当一部分学生对体育的健身价值缺乏正确的认识 ,没有体育锻炼的习惯和意识 ;学生的体质健康状况不理想 ,必须引起有关领导的重视 ;学生对健身类、健美类、娱乐兴和球类体育活动比较感兴趣 ,学校应多为学生提供这方面的教学和活动场所。     

Child protection services and parental reactions to children's behaviour

A commonly used expression in child protection is the term 'physical abuse'. This paper consists of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a 100% sample of 'physical abuse' child protection cases drawn from research in an Australian state child welfare agency, which shows that about 90% of these concerned incidents in which parents used physical punishment to control children. Resulting physical harms to children (where they occurred) were generally of a very minor nature. The paper examines these results in the light of research findings in the UK and Australia on patterns of physical punishment used by parents to control children. Such findings suggest that those child rearing practices that make frequent and systematic use of physical punishment are located largely amongst lower social class parents, who believe that such practices are an essential and normal component of effective parenting behaviour. One interpretation of child protection services in respect of these cases is that they are concerned primarily with the normalization of child rearing practices. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limited impact of the Swedish anti-spanking law of 1979, which appears to have only reduced the use of physical punishment by those parents who may not necessarily have believed in such measures in the first place. However, legislation of this nature has the potential to criminalize a substantial sector of the population, but at least state intervention under the aegis of a specific criminal law provides a clearer mandate than does intervention under much looser, broader and subjectively interpreted child protection legislation.     

物理学史在物理教学中的应用

论述物理学史在培养学生兴趣、科学精神和帮助学生领会物理知识等方面的功能.在物理教学中渗透物理学史教育,有利于学生巩固和加深理解已学过的物理知识,增加学习的主动性与自觉性,提高学习兴趣,培养学生的创新精神.因此在物理教学中有必要进行物理学史教育.     

Relational problems and psychiatric symptoms in couple therapy

This article describes couples attending family counselling in Sweden. The study group is compared with clinical groups and non-clinical groups. Self-rating instruments were com-pleted by 317 women and 312 men to evaluate the following: marital satisfaction (DAS), expressed emotion (QAFM), family climate (FC), psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90) and sense of coherence (SOC). This group had several problems: marital relationships, disrupted family functioning, dyadic interactions characterised by criticism and open arguments, and multiple psychological symptoms. The women were espe-cially discontent in the relationship, and they exhibited higher symptom strain and lower sense of coherence than the men did. Compared with non-clinical populations, this group was severely distressed and was similar to in-patient families in child psychiatric clinics. The low sense of coherence of the individuals in the group under study means that their sense of having a meaningful life and their ability to comprehend and manage problems were severely compromised. Adequate and comprehensive treatment within the framework of social pro-grammes should be made available to these couples and others in a similar situation.     

浅析笛卡尔的二元论和西方近代哲学中的身心关系问题

心身问题或心物问题(mind-body problem),是关于心理的东西(the mental)的本体论地位,本质以及与身体的相互关系的问题。在西方认识史上,先哲们对这个问题分别给予了缜密思考后的回答。本文首先回到西方近代心灵哲学上一个颇有影响的心灵观,从笛卡尔的实体二元论说起,分析其内在逻辑矛盾产生的根源和面临的困境,再集中探讨与笛卡尔同时代的哲学家们对其观点的改进或改造,并逐一做出梳理和短评。