税收优惠安排对风险投资事业的扶持国际经验及对我国的启示

许多发达国家的实践经验表明 :发展风险投资事业是推动高新技术产业化的一条成功之路 ,为了顺应世界科技发展的趋势 ,适应全球化竞争 ,我国也应该发展风险事业 ,然而 ,我国现行的税制却不利于风险投资事业的发展 ,存在着诸多的弊端。对我国现行税制中存在的问题。及其产生的原因进行了分析 ,提出了适合我国实际国情的税收优惠政策的理性选择。     

地区差异下考虑零售商公平偏好的供应链定价策略研究

针对由单个制造商和两个不同区域市场的零售商组成的供应链系统,分别就制造商对两个不同区域市场的零售商实行统一定价和差别定价两种定价策略下构建了纳入零售商公平偏好行为的两级供应链Stackelberg博弈模型,给出了不同情况下供应链均衡策略,分析了零售商公平偏好行为对不同情况下供应链均衡策略、参与者的利润以及供应链系统运作效率的影响。结果表明,零售商公平偏好行为对制造商的批发价格和利润具有负向影响、对零售商的利润具有正向影响,而对零售商的零售价格和供应链运作效率没有影响。     

我国出生性别比失衡问题治理绩效的历史评价

文章主要根据18个全国关爱女孩试点县提交的关爱女孩行动工作状况的通讯调查所提供的基础信息,对近年来全国关爱女孩行动试点工作作了一个阶段性的分析和评价。提出了生育观念和行为控制的“2＋6”理论框架,建议通过人口安全的工作考核机制、性别偏好的观念转变机制、“两非”行为控制机制、女婴被送养、瞒漏报和死亡控制机制四大机制实施对出生人口性别比偏高问题综合控制和治理。认为全国要尽快从“点控制”转入“面控制”,在保持“适度低生育水平”的前提下,进一步完善生育政策;赋权卫生等部门治理B超和引、流产问题的重要职责,规范医疗卫生执业行为;加强社会公共政策的协调性,从制度上促进社会性别平等。     

Experience with research paradigms relates to infants’ direction of preference

Interpreting and predicting direction of preference in infant research has been a thorny issue for decades. Several factors have been proposed to account for familiarity versus novelty preferences, including age, length of exposure, and task complexity. The current study explores an additional dimension: experience with the experimental paradigm. We reanalyzed the data from 4 experiments on artificial grammar learning in 12-month-old infants run using the head-turn preference procedure (HPP). Participants in these studies varied substantially in their number of laboratory visits. Results show that the number of HPP studies is related to direction of preference: Infants with limited experience with the HPP setting were more likely to show familiarity preferences than infants who had amassed more experience with this paradigm. This evidence has important implications for the interpretation of experimental results: Experience with a given method or, more broadly, with the laboratory environment may affect infants’ patterns of preferences.     

西部民族地区互联网使用对居民国家认同感的积极影响——基于宁夏三县（区）民族村的调查

西部民族地区已实现互联网基础设施建设全面覆盖,但互联网使用影响国家认同感的具体机制尚未在已有研究中得到充分揭示。本文从铸牢中华民族共同体意识出发,考察互联网环境中信息接触、在线交往和媒介偏好对西部民族地区农村居民国家认同感的影响,从中识别出产生实证性效果的具体因素。研究发现,西部民族地区居民国家认同感高,且态度稳定一致;互联网已经成为形塑国家认同感的主要舆论场域：在人际层面,异质性在线交往对国家认同产生积极影响;在个体层面,网络信息环境通过个体媒介偏好对国家认同产生差异化的影响。研究强调了互联网是形塑西部民族地区居民国家认同的重要路径这一基本事实,揭示出异质性在线交往和网络新闻偏好对强化国家认同的重要意义。     

OPTIMAL DESIGNS FOR 2 k PAIRED COMPARISON EXPERIMENTS

In this paper we establish the form of the optimal paired comparison design when there are k attributes, each with two levels, for testing for main effects, for main effects and two factor interactions and for main effects and two and three factor interactions. In all cases we assume that all pairs with the same number of attributes different appear equally often. In this setting the D and A optimal designs for main effects are the foldover pairs and those for main effects and two factor interactions have pairs in which about half the attributes are different.     

Rethinking Risk Attitude: Aspiration as Pure Risk

There exists no completely satisfactory theory of risk attitude in current normative decision theories. Existing notions confound attitudes to pure risk with unrelated psychological factors such as strength of preference for certain outcomes, and probability weighting. In addition traditional measures of risk attitude frequently cannot be applied to non-numerical consequences, and are not psychologically intuitive. I develop Pure Risk theory which resolves these problems – it is consistent with existing normative theories, and both internalises and generalises the intuitive notion of risk being related to the probability of not achieving one’s aspirations. Existing models which ignore pure risk attitudes may be misspecified, and effects hitherto modelled as loss aversion or utility curvature may be due instead to Pure Risk attitudes.     

基于可变风险偏好的知识型员工激励机制研究

本文研究了风险偏好与风险成本,分析了知识型员工风险偏好的特征,利用委托代理模型讨论了确定与不确定环境下员工风险偏好与企业激励强度之间的关系,并对如何协调两者的冲突以及知识型员工与企业间协调作用的特征进行了剖析.研究表明随着员工风险规避度的增大,企业应减小激励强度与风险分担;一定条件下企业和员工可协调对方的行为,但企业的激励措施居于主导地位;与一般员工相比,知识型员工的风险规避度较小且更具可变性,影响企业激励行为的能力更强,与企业间基于可变风险偏好的激励协调行为更可能发生.     

消费者选择中后悔和不确定性的作用研究

研究当消费者对产品绩效的期望不确定性时,后悔如何影响消费选择的动态变化.数学分析和实验结果表明,当消费者观察或体验到的各个产品选项的表现与原先的期望相吻合,风险厌恶型消费者倾向于提高对初始期望绩效不确定性较高的产品的购买意愿,而风险喜好型消费者倾向于降低对该产品的购买意愿.另外,期望绩效水平的不确定性对消费选择的影响会随消费者经验值的增加而减小.研究成果弥补了现有期望差异理论对解释消费行为动态变化的不足.因此,为了更加全面地理解在多选项选择问题中后悔对消费选择的动态影响,管理者需要考虑备选产品在期望绩效水平不确定性上的差异、相关消费市场的顾客风险偏好构成、消费者的购买经验等特征.     

Temptation and Self‐Control

We study a two‐period model where ex ante inferior choice may tempt the decision‐maker in the second period. Individuals have preferences over sets of alternatives that represent second period choices. Our axioms yield a representation that identifies the individual's commitment ranking, temptation ranking, and cost of self‐control. An agent has a preference for commitment if she strictly prefers a subset of alternatives to the set itself. An agent has self‐control if she resists temptation and chooses an option with higher ex ante utility. We introduce comparative measures of preference for commitment and self‐control and relate them to our representations.