中共党内选举制度的完善

完善党内选举制度,需要进一步规范候选人提名和正式候选人确定的具体办法,实现候选人差额提名,积极试行通过预选和差额选举产生正式候选人名单。要改进候选人的介绍方式,积极构建多样化的候选人介绍与竞争平台,增强竞争意识和机制,培育良好的竞争风气。既要坚持党的统一领导、严格遵循党的章程,又要充分考虑各种实际情况,积极探索完善党内选举制度的具体形式和做法。要尽量减少和简化基层民主选举的层级,逐步扩大基层党组织领导班子直接选举范围,试行由乡镇党员大会直接选举产生乡镇党委全委会,由党代会直接差额选举产生乡镇党委常委包括书记、副书记。     

关于当今学术管理所存在问题讨论的评述

关于当今学术管理所存在问题的讨论,主要围绕以下三个方面进行:其一,关于学术管理概念的界定,大致包括描述性的定义和学理性的定义两种类型。其二,关于当今学术管理问题的概括和描述。大多数论者认为当今学术管理存在较为严重的问题,但对其进行具体分析时又表现出不同的角度和侧重点。其三,关于改进当今学术管理的意见和建议。面对当今学术管理存在的种种问题和缺陷,不少论者从不同角度提出了改进的有益意见和建议。     

商业银行房地产开发贷款风险及防范

由于现阶段我国房地产市场发展迅猛,使得商业银行房地产开发贷款规模不断增长。本文从影响商业银行房地产开发贷款风险的因素人手,采用层次分析法对政策风险、评估风险、操作风险、市场风险、信用风险进行了量化分析。结果表明：目前我国商业银行房地产开发贷款所面临的风险主要是评估风险和信贷风险。建立完善的评估体系与信用体系,是防范与控制房地产开发贷款风险的主要途径。     

知识产权国际法律保护的原因、困境与完善

知识产权国际法律保护主要运用WIPO和WTO两大国际组织中的不同机制。虽然TRIPs协定适用于由主权国家和独立关税区所组成的所有WTO成员方,也发挥着比WIPO更广泛的影响力,同时亦能看出TRIPs协定最显著的影响在于,对各成员方采取一些试图扭曲国际贸易自由流动的手段起限制性作用。然而,在对抗某些国家的单边主义、非关税贸易壁垒以及跨国企业的知识产权滥诉等问题上,该机制似乎有待细化内容与加强保护力度。本文在考察知识产权国际法律保护的原因及现状的基础上,深刻揭示出在知识产权国际法律保护方面存在的困境,并结合当前情况展望知识产权国际法律保护的未来发展趋势。     

First Comes Marriage,Then Comes Divorce: A Perspective on the Process

This article discusses the process of dissolving marital relationships from an individual developmental perspective. The focus remains on divorce as currently practiced in the United States. A historical review of divorce as practiced in Western culture is included.     

The Usefulness of Social Capital Theory for Understanding the Academic Improvement of Young Children in Stepfamilies Over Two Points in Time

Data from the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 (ECLS–K) involving more than 300 children residing in stepfamilies from kindergarten through 5th grade were used to test the usefulness of social capital theory for understanding the academic improvement of young children over 2 points in time. For change scores in reading, the model explained 34% of the variance and for math, 33% of the variance. Findings are summarized in light of implications for stepparents, researchers, and policymakers.     

Exploring the Context of Child Sexual Abuse in Jamaica: Addressing the Deficits

Jamaican media sources have recently noted the prevalence of child sexual abuse within the country. While research has continually noted the mental health impact of child sexual abuse, there is a dearth of literature on the relationship between the two in Jamaica. The purpose of this article is to provide the context of child sexual abuse in Jamaica, including the cultural considerations, current legislation, government created agencies, and modes of treatment. Moreover, recommendations are given for public health educators, school personnel, and mental health service providers in order to improve the psychological well-being of sexually abuse children.     

After the Honeymoon: The Evolution of Problem Issues in Utah LDS Marriages

The main objective of this study was to extend previous research in the area of longitudinal marital satisfaction by examining how marital issues, including decision-making, activities, affection, conflict, financial matters, stability, and values, changed over the first 5 years of marriage for 242 Utah, Latter-Day-Saint individuals. In addition, this study examined whether change occurs differently for husbands versus wives and for at-risk individuals versus non-risk individuals. The results showed that four marital issues worsened over time (activities, affection, conflict, and stability). Two of the six subscales (activities and affection) were found to differ significantly by gender. In addition, four subscales were significantly different for at-risk couples when compared with non-risk couples (decision-making, activities, conflict, and stability). Limitations and recommendations are discussed.     

Planning for Aging in Place: Incorporating the Voice of Elders to Promote Quality of Life

Abstract

Aging in place offers emotional and physical benefits; however, challenges associated with advanced age may make aging in place difficult. As communities across the country prepare for forecasted increases in the proportion of older residents, it is important to understand barriers that may prevent aging in place. Perceived barriers voiced by residents of a suburban county who completed an Aging in Place Needs Assessment Survey were categorized into four themes: need to downsize/home modification; need for assistance; family desire to reciprocate care; and isolation. A fifth group with no intent to relocate, but with concerns about having to, was also identified. Included among this group were persons with mental health or developmental disorders, such as anxiety and autism spectrum disorder. Results were examined through a person-centered lens to illustrate that aging in place may be the desired option even among residents who indicate that it is not. It is important that aging-in-place initiatives preserve identity by fostering a sense of autonomy, control, and well-being in older residents.     

国家基层策略行为与社区过程: 基于南苑业主自治的社区故事

在转型的社区情境中,国家基层政府的行为是策略性的,社区居民亦陷入了权变的回应过程。文章聚焦于20世纪80年代以来政府行为的不同阶段,从中观的社区形态考察基层政府的不同策略和社区过程。政府干预、释出和旁观调控三种不同类型的行为反映了政府对于社区的态度,社区层次和事件性质是基层政府策略行为的关键自变量。文章运用拓展性个案研究方法,分析了国家在社区的基层策略,以及转型期社区的生成和发展,基层政府行为与社区回应的不同逻辑是社区治理困境的重要根源。