The Role of Family in Career Choices among Social Workers in China

Abstract

High turnover rate affects social work workforce development in China. Few empirical studies have been conducted to explore the factors that have influences on turnover intention among Chinese social workers. This study used data from China General Survey on Professional Social Workers to examine the influence of job satisfaction and family attitude on social workers’ career choices. The findings reveal that both job satisfaction and family’ attitude toward the profession have significant effects on social workers’ turnover intention. Family’s support or disapproval of the social work profession has moderate effect on the negative correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention. The findings could be explained by the familyism culture of Chinese society and unique challenges of professional development experienced by social workers in China. Future studies should consider the influence of family to develop a more comprehensive research framework. Management in social service agencies should help family of social workers to learn and embrace the profession to gain their support of choosing social work as career.     

海外供应价格可变的国内外双源采购决策

在供需均随机的情况下,研究一个全球制造企业同时向一个价格低但价格受海外市场影响而随机波动的海外供应商和一个价格高但价格稳定的国内供应商采购原材料的双源采购问题。提出制造商对海外供应商采取动态采购价格策略降低国际市场价格风险（动态采购价格与制造商与海外供应商谈判的初始采购价和海外市场价有线性关系）,构建制造商为领导者,两个供应商为跟随者的Stackelberg博弈模型。求解在此动态采购价格策略下,制造商最优的订货量,供应商最优的生产量。最后通过算例计算各个最优值,并对动态采购价格中的风险分担因子和初始采购价格做了灵敏度分析。研究表明:（1）动态价格中的初始采购价格小于海外市场价格均值时,制造商的最优订货量随着风险分担因子的增加而减小,反之,则增加而增加。（2）制造商的最优订货量随着动态采购价格中的初始采购价格增加而减小,减小而增加。     

知识型员工职业召唤、职业承诺与工作态度关系研究

对中国情景下知识型员工的职业召唤对组织承诺、工作满意度、离职意愿等工作态度的影响以及职业承诺在职业召唤与上述工作态度的中介作用进行实证检验。基于自我决定理论和已有关于召唤的相关研究结论,提出职业召唤-职业承诺-工作态度的关系假设模型,并以981位国有、民营及外(合)资企业的知识型员工作为研究对象,通过结构方程建模进行实证检验。研究结果表明,中国情景下知识型员工的职业召唤对组织承诺、工作满意度和离职意愿均有显著正向影响,职业承诺完全中介职业召唤与工作满意度和离职意愿的关系,部分中介职业召唤与组织承诺的关系。在中国情景下验证西方关于职业召唤的研究结论,结果表明职业召唤的培养对企业知识型员工的职业承诺、组织承诺和工作满意度均具有十分重要的作用,为职业召唤理论在中国情景下的验证和完善以及知识型员工的管理理论和企业实践提供新的视角。     

Career Commitment as a Complex Moderator of Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention

This study investigated the moderating role ofcareer commitment on the relationships betweenemployees' perception of company practices andorganizational commitment, and between organizationalcommitment and turnover intention. Using a sample of 225researchers from eight business-related researchinstitutes in Korea, it was found that (1) careercommitment was perceived as distinct from the twodimensions of organizational commitment (affective andcontinuance) by Korean researchers; (2) careercommitment moderated the effect of employees' perceptionof supervisory support on affective commitment; and (3) career commitment also moderated the effect ofaffective commitment on turnover intention. Thepractical and conceptual implications of these resultsare discussed.     

大学生创业自我效能、行为控制知觉与创业意向的实证研究

采用结构方程模型,对河北、天津4所高校640名在校大学生进行调查研究,发现创业自我效能对创业意向的显著正向影响及其机制,以及行为控制知觉作为中介变量对创业自我效能影响创业意向过程中所发挥的作用,揭示了行为控制知觉的部分中介作用机制。根据模型研究结果,就提高创业意向的途径、方法,围绕创业教育、自我强化和社会环境劝导进行了探讨。     

金融诈骗罪主观要件探析

金融诈骗罪破坏国家金融管理秩序,侵犯财产所有权。其犯罪构成与刑法规定的其他犯罪一样,必须同时具备犯罪客体、客观、主体、主观四个要件。金融诈骗罪的行为人主观上是否必须具备“非法占有目的”以及金融诈骗罪的主观罪过形式是认定此类犯罪必须正确把握的问题。“非法占有目的”是所有金融诈骗罪必备的主观要件,而不是选择要件。金融诈骗罪行为人的主观罪过形式只能是直接故意,不能是过失,也不能是间接故意。     

大学生网上购物意向影响因素的实证研究

文章以当前在校大学生作为调查对象设计调查问卷,以问卷调查所获得的数据为依据,运用SPSS统计软件对大学生网上购物意向的影响因素进行探索性研究。研究结果表明：大学生网上购物意向主要受网上交易的便利性、网上产品的性价比、网上购物的交易成本、网上购物的乐趣、网上购物的时尚性等因素的影响。其中,影响最大的是网上交易的便利性,其次是网上产品的性价比,网上购物的交易成本、乐趣、时尚性这三个因素的影响程度则比较平均。     

Ordering behavior in a supply chain with customers that respond to changes in service level

The presence of service-level-dependent demand has been empirically observed in industry and is well-documented in the literature. How does the implicit contractual existence of such service dependency impact the ordering decisions of upstream suppliers? We conduct three controlled laboratory experiments to study the impact a service-reward mechanism may have on the upstream ordering decisions of those charged with inventory ordering decisions. The multistudy approach provides representations of decision dynamics across a variety of scenarios, from one-shot buys to long-term supply-chain relationships. Our combined empirical results consistently suggest that the service-reward mechanism significantly and systematically elevates order levels and order variability in a manner that increases departure from optimal ordering. This effect is observed even when decision-makers have incentives to maintain a steady ordering pattern with their suppliers. Our findings shed much-needed light on individual ordering responses to, and the associated risks of, service-reward mechanisms.     

From Amazon to Apple: Modeling Online Retail Sales,Purchase Incidence,and Visit Behavior

In this study, we propose a multivariate stochastic model for Web site visit duration, page views, purchase incidence, and the sale amount for online retailers. The model is constructed by composition from carefully selected distributions and involves copula components. It allows for the strong nonlinear relationships between the sales and visit variables to be explored in detail, and can be used to construct sales predictions. The model is readily estimated using maximum likelihood, making it an attractive choice in practice given the large sample sizes that are commonplace in online retail studies. We examine a number of top-ranked U.S. online retailers, and find that the visit duration and the number of pages viewed are both related to sales, but in very different ways for different products. Using Bayesian methodology, we show how the model can be extended to a finite mixture model to account for consumer heterogeneity via latent household segmentation. The model can also be adjusted to accommodate a more accurate analysis of online retailers like apple.com that sell products at a very limited number of price points. In a validation study across a range of different Web sites, we find that the purchase incidence and sales amount are both forecast more accurately using our model, when compared to regression, probit regression, a popular data-mining method, and a survival model employed previously in an online retail study. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

和平发展:塑造美国对中国的新认知

美国正确认知中国和平发展的根本意图有助于中国和平发展的顺利实现。美国对判断别国意图有多种观点和表现。为使其正确认知我和平发展的根本意图,中国应根据中美两国的关切,向美国进一步持续发出大量更明确的和平发展的信息,充分表明中国的发展将导致令中美两国满意的双赢。