A new confidence interval in errors-in-variables model with known error variance

This paper considers constructing a new confidence interval for the slope parameter in the structural errors-in-variables model with known error variance associated with the regressors. Existing confidence intervals are so severely affected by Gleser–Hwang effect that they are subject to have poor empirical coverage probabilities and unsatisfactory lengths. Moreover, these problems get worse with decreasing reliability ratio which also result in more frequent absence of some existing intervals. To ease these issues, this paper presents a fiducial generalized confidence interval which maintains the correct asymptotic coverage. Simulation results show that this fiducial interval is slightly conservative while often having average length comparable or shorter than the other methods. Finally, we illustrate these confidence intervals with two real data examples, and in the second example some existing intervals do not exist.     

施肥量与垄作方式对牛蒡子出苗率及苗期生长的影响

从施肥量（高肥、中肥、低肥）、垄作方式（上垄、下垄、下垄覆膜）两因素对牛蒡子的出苗及苗期生长情况做了一些系统观察和分析．结果表明：低肥，上垄有利于出苗，高肥有利于苗期的生长．此研究可为牛蒡子的进一步开发利用及科研提供科学依据．     

信息不对称下价格随机的应急数量折扣契约研究

以市场需求和市场价格随机波动的二级供应链为研究对象,寻找其在信息不对称条件下绩效优化的路径。通过显示原理分别构建生产成本和销售成本信息不对称时应急供应链的数量折扣契约模型,得到最优订货量与最佳批发价策略。通过具体的算例加以验证,分析了信息不对称程度对供应链上成员及整个供应链绩效的影响。研究结果表明：当突发事件造成市场价格随机波动和市场需求变化时,供应链上的跟随者能从隐瞒私人信息中获利。但当市场需求增大时,整个供应链绩效受损,反之则反是。这与以往研究在市场需求随机、市场价格固定和信息不对称条件下的结论迥异。     

日语的强调表达方式

在现代日语中,强调表达方式呈现多样化。本文以现代日语强调表达方式作为考察对象,指出日语表达方式的多样性。     

On Legal Foundation of the Quantity of Criminal Responsibility

刑事责任量可以分为基本量、增量、减量和变量,相应地,刑事责任量的法律根据分为基本量的法律根据、增量的法律根据、减量的法律根据和变量的法律根据。其中,基本量的法律根据是犯罪的基本构成,增量的法律根据是加重的犯罪构成,减量的法律根据是减轻的犯罪构成,变量的法律根据是变量法定情节。     

Testing for bioequivalence of highly variable drugs from TR‐RT crossover designs with heterogeneous residual variances

Traditional bioavailability studies assess average bioequivalence (ABE) between the test (T) and reference (R) products under the crossover design with TR and RT sequences. With highly variable (HV) drugs whose intrasubject coefficient of variation in pharmacokinetic measures is 30% or greater, assertion of ABE becomes difficult due to the large sample sizes needed to achieve adequate power. In 2011, the FDA adopted a more relaxed, yet complex, ABE criterion and supplied a procedure to assess this criterion exclusively under TRR‐RTR‐RRT and TRTR‐RTRT designs. However, designs with more than 2 periods are not always feasible. This present work investigates how to evaluate HV drugs under TR‐RT designs. A mixed model with heterogeneous residual variances is used to fit data from TR‐RT designs. Under the assumption of zero subject‐by‐formulation interaction, this basic model is comparable to the FDA‐recommended model for TRR‐RTR‐RRT and TRTR‐RTRT designs, suggesting the conceptual plausibility of our approach. To overcome the distributional dependency among summary statistics of model parameters, we develop statistical tests via the generalized pivotal quantity (GPQ). A real‐world data example is given to illustrate the utility of the resulting procedures. Our simulation study identifies a GPQ‐based testing procedure that evaluates HV drugs under practical TR‐RT designs with desirable type I error rate and reasonable power. In comparison to the FDA's approach, this GPQ‐based procedure gives similar performance when the product's intersubject standard deviation is low (≤0.4) and is most useful when practical considerations restrict the crossover design to 2 periods.     

The effect of number of siblings on adult mortality: Evidence from Swedish registers for cohorts born between 1938 and 1972

Demographic research has paid much attention to the impact of childhood conditions on adult mortality. We focus on one of the key aspects of early life conditions, sibling group size, and examine the causal effect of growing up in a large family on mortality. While previous studies have focused on low- or middle-income countries, we examine whether growing up in a large family is a disadvantage in Sweden, a context where most parents have adequate resources, which are complemented by a generous welfare state. We used Swedish register data and frailty models, examining all-cause and cause-specific mortality between the ages of 40 and 74 for the 1938–72 cohorts, and also a quasi-experimental approach that exploited multiple births as a source of exogenous variation in the number of siblings. Overall our results do not indicate that growing up in a large family has a detrimental effect on longevity in Sweden.     

Generalized simultaneous confidence regions for regression coefficients and their ratios

This study constructs a simultaneous confidence region for two combinations of coefficients of linear models and their ratios based on the concept of generalized pivotal quantities. Many biological studies, such as those on genetics, assessment of drug effectiveness, and health economics, are interested in a comparison of several dose groups with a placebo group and the group ratios. The Bonferroni correction and the plug-in method based on the multivariate-t distribution have been proposed for the simultaneous region estimation. However, the two methods are asymptotic procedures, and their performance in finite sample sizes has not been thoroughly investigated. Based on the concept of generalized pivotal quantity, we propose a Bonferroni correction procedure and a generalized variable (GV) procedure to construct the simultaneous confidence regions. To address a genetic concern of the dominance ratio, we conduct a simulation study to empirically investigate the probability coverage and expected length of the methods for various combinations of sample sizes and values of the dominance ratio. The simulation results demonstrate that the simultaneous confidence region based on the GV procedure provides sufficient coverage probability and reasonable expected length. Thus, it can be recommended in practice. Numerical examples using published data sets illustrate the proposed methods.     

“985高校”专利竞争力研究

"985高校"是我国专利产出大户,其专利竞争力对整个国家的竞争力都具有重要影响。高校专利竞争力就是高校利用专利这种特殊资源持续获取竞争优势的能力,主要体现为现实竞争力和潜在竞争力两个维度。现实竞争力包括专利数量和质量,潜在竞争力包括研发潜力和专利增长。基于此,设置九个三级指标,构建线性加权评价模型,对"985高校"专利竞争力进行评价,结果发现"985高校"专利竞争力差异较大,专利质量整体薄弱;最后,针对评价结果提出专利竞争力提升对策,以期各高校参考。     

简论教育技术在《模拟电子技术》课程中的运用

多媒体技术的应用为《模拟电子技术》课程教学手段的改革开拓了一个新的领域 ,科学有效地使用多媒体是教学手段改革的关键。