Inference for the two-parameter half-logistic distribution using pivotal quantities under progressively Type-II censoring schemes

This article addresses estimation and prediction problems for the two-parameter half-logistic distribution based on pivotal quantities when a sample is available from the progressively Type-II censoring scheme. An unbiased estimator of the location parameter based on a pivotal quantity is derived. To estimate the scale parameter, a new method based on a pivotal quantity is proposed. The proposed method provides a simpler estimation equation than the maximum likelihood equation. In addition, confidence intervals for the location and scale parameters are derived from these pivotal quantities. In the prediction of censored failure times, the shortest-length predictive intervals for the censored failure times are derived using a pivotal quantity. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is assessed through Monte Carlo simulations and a real data set is presented for illustration purposes.     

书本优先于巧克力?——论密尔关于高等快乐的证据的不充分性

近年来围绕密尔关于高等快乐和低等快乐解释的辩护,似乎忽视了密尔论证中存在的一个严重缺陷:他将快乐和偏好的问题视为一个经验问题,但是,他所诉诸的证据并不是决定性的。然而,这一区分在密尔的学说中起着至关重要的作用,他利用这一证据去支持关于绝大多数人更偏好由高级官能产生快乐的论证。如果这一证据被证明是不充分的,那么密尔关于这些快乐明显比其他快乐质量更高的宣称就是缺少合理性的。密尔所提供的证据本质上是令人疑惑的,密尔的理论以及任何一种在没有作出论证的前提下接受密尔关于两种快乐区分的功利主义体系都是值得怀疑的。     

浅谈建筑工程工程量清单计价方式

工程量清单计价是改革和完善工程价格的管理体制的一个重要组成部分．工程量清单计价方法相对于传统的定额计价是一种新的计价模式，是由建设产品的买方和卖方在建设市场上根据供求状况、信息状况自由竞价，从而能够签订工程合同价格的方法．     

Sibship size and education in South Africa: Black–White variations

Recent studies suggest that the generally observed negative sibship size effect on education is much less consistent in developing nations. Using data from a national survey in the early 1990s, this study assesses the effect of number of siblings on education in South Africa for two major population groups with distinctive cultural customs, Whites and Blacks. A negative effect exists for Whites, who have adopted a Western nuclear family system, whereas no effect is shown for Blacks, whose family life operates under extended family arrangements. Several sensitivity analyses suggest that the lack of a sibship size effect for Blacks can be partly explained by their extended family arrangements, in which the responsibilities and financial costs of raising children are shared across a wide circle of relatives. The study further addresses the longstanding debate as to whether the link between sibship size and education is contaminated by endogeneity and a confounding birth order effect. Results suggest that the sibship size effect is not an artifact of the interactive birth order effect. However, the observed negative effect for Whites tends to be exaggerated by endogenous factors – mostly likely parental quality–quantity calculation – a pattern found in several other industrialized societies that conform to western values of childbearing.     

消耗公共资源的谋利行为博弈的过度行为均衡点问题研究

在建立了弱再生资源的再生速度模型和谋利行为对资源的消耗模型的基础上,得出了在谋利行为下的弱再生公共资源的均衡曲线与均衡模型.利用此模型分析了个人非理性、个人理性的不同均衡点,研究了这些均衡点之间的关系.     

广告英语中语言变异的表现形式及运用

广告是一种独特的语体,特殊的语用目的决定广告在语言方面必须有所创新,语言变异是广告英语所采用的一种特殊手法,包括量的变异和质的变异两方面,通过语音、拼写、词汇、句法等变异手段实现其目的。     

知识产权犯罪的罪数形态分析

对知识产权犯罪的罪数形态及其处罚原则的理解,是关系到适用刑法保护知识产权制度的一个重要问题。知识产权犯罪与其他犯罪之间产生竞合关系、牵连关系时,应当适用“数罪并罚”原则以及“轻法的封锁作用”理论,以期加强对侵犯知识产权行为的打击力度,确实保护知识产权制度。     

Group Buying of Competing Retailers

Under group buying, quantity discounts are offered based on the buyers' aggregated purchasing quantity, instead of individual quantities. As the price decreases with the total quantity, buyers receive lower prices than they otherwise would be able to obtain individually. Previous studies on group buying focus on the benefit buyers receive in reduced acquisition costs or enhanced bargaining power. In this paper, we show that buyers can instead get hurt from such cooperation. Specifically, we consider a two‐level distribution channel with a single manufacturer and two retailers who compete for end customers. We show that, under linear demand curves, group buying is always preferable for symmetric (i.e., identical) retailers. For asymmetric retailers (i.e., differing in market base and/or efficiency), group buying is beneficial to the smaller (or less efficient) player. However, it can be detrimental to the larger (or more efficient) one. Despite the lower wholesale price under group buying, the manufacturer can receive a higher revenue. Interestingly, group buying is more likely to form when retailers are competitive in different dimensions. These insights are shown to be robust under general nonlinear demand curves, except for constant elastic demand with low demand elasticity.     

Point and Interval Estimation for a Generalized Logistic Distribution Under Progressive Type II Censoring

The likelihood equations based on a progressively Type II censored sample from a Type I generalized logistic distribution do not provide explicit solutions for the location and scale parameters. We present a simple method of deriving explicit estimators by approximating the likelihood equations appropriately. We examine numerically the bias and variance of these estimators and show that these estimators are as efficient as the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs). The probability coverages of the pivotal quantities (for location and scale parameters) based on asymptotic normality are shown to be unsatisfactory, especially when the effective sample size is small. Therefore we suggest using unconditional simulated percentage points of these pivotal quantities for the construction of confidence intervals. A wide range of sample sizes and progressive censoring schemes have been considered in this study. Finally, we present a numerical example to illustrate the methods of inference developed here.     

西昌方言词“一下”的语用研究

文章对四川西昌方言中的"一下"进行详细地描写和分析,展示了"一下"在西昌方言中作为数量短语和副词的语用情况。