Individual and situational correlates of motivation for skills upgrading: an empirical study

The present research examines the tenability of a number of factors thought to precede an individual's motivation for skills upgrading. Because motivation for skills upgrading is instrumental to training success and is highly malleable, knowing the factors that precede motivation for skills upgrading would help managers and policy makers a great deal in formulating strategies to raise the competitiveness of the workforce. We derive several testable hypotheses from the existing literature and empirically verify the selected antecedents of motivation for skills upgrading. Results based on responses from 413 employees suggest that an individual's attitude towards skills upgrading, self-efficacy, usefulness of skills upgrading, health condition and long-term orientation are positively related to motivation for skills upgrading. Implications for policy makers, managers and researchers are discussed.     

高层领导者心理资本和社会资本对企业绩效的影响研究

通过对968位不同企业的高层领导者的问卷分析,检验了企业高层领导者心理资本和社会资本对企业绩效的影响,以及风险承担行为的中介作用.研究结果表明,企业高层领导者心理资本和社会资本对企业绩效与风险承担行为具有显著的正向影响;其风险承担行为对企业绩效具有显著的直接功效,且风险承担行为在高层领导者心理资本和社会资本对企业绩效的影响路径中起部分中介作用,即高层领导者心理资本和社会资本通过风险承担行为对企业绩效具有一定的间接功效.     

从学术论文谈著作权视野下的挂名行为

学术论文是作者就某一领域某一方面的某一问题进行研究,提出观点,是作者人格利益的延伸。笔者认为当今学术研究领域盛行的挂名行为,破坏了作者与作品间的关系,侵犯了作者对作品的身份权,使作者的人格利益不能在作品上延伸,降低了作品的价值,减损了著作权人对作品应有的财产权,造成财产损失。     

政府奖惩机制下药品安全质量监管三方演化博弈及仿真分析

药品安全关乎人民群众生命健康、经济发展、社会稳定和国家安全,一直以来都是政府和全社会关注的热点问题之一。但是,近年来频发的各类药品安全事件,揭露了政府监管缺失、药品检测机制不完善、公众投诉失效等诸多问题。本文考虑了药品检测中存在寻租现象,构建了药品生产企业、第三方药品检测机构和政府监管部门之间的三方演化博弈模型,分析了各参与方策略选择的演化稳定性,探讨了各要素对三方策略选择的影响关系,进一步分析了三方博弈系统中均衡点的稳定性。研究结果表明：1)政府增强奖励、惩罚力度均有助于促进企业生产高药效药品、第三方药品检测机构拒绝寻租的规范行为,但是增大奖励力度将不利于政府自身履行监管职责;2)政府设定合理的奖惩机制必须符合对各方的奖惩之和大于其投机收益的条件,才能保障演化稳定市场环境下的药品安全;3)上级政府对监管部门失职的问责对增强企业生产高药效药品的稳健性具有重要意义;4)提升企业的药品销售收益、增加企业寻租成本也是避免企业生产低药效药品的有效途径。最后,利用Matlab 2020b进行了仿真分析,为政府完善药品监管机制提出了对策与建议。     

Total Economic Consequences of an Influenza Outbreak in the United States

Pandemic influenza represents a serious threat not only to the population of the United States, but also to its economy. In this study, we analyze the total economic consequences of potential influenza outbreaks in the United States for four cases based on the distinctions between disease severity and the presence/absence of vaccinations. The analysis is based on data and parameters on influenza obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and the general literature. A state‐of‐the‐art economic impact modeling approach, computable general equilibrium, is applied to analyze a wide range of potential impacts stemming from the outbreaks. This study examines the economic impacts from changes in medical expenditures and workforce participation, and also takes into consideration different types of avoidance behavior and resilience actions not previously fully studied. Our results indicate that, in the absence of avoidance and resilience effects, a pandemic influenza outbreak could result in a loss in U.S. GDP of $25.4 billion, but that vaccination could reduce the losses to $19.9 billion. When behavioral and resilience factors are taken into account, a pandemic influenza outbreak could result in GDP losses of $45.3 billion without vaccination and $34.4 billion with vaccination. These results indicate the importance of including a broader set of causal factors to achieve more accurate estimates of the total economic impacts of not just pandemic influenza but biothreats in general. The results also highlight a number of actionable items that government policymakers and public health officials can use to help reduce potential economic losses from the outbreaks.     

体验型产品消费行为的羊群效应及机理研究——基于电影行业消费行为的实证解释

互联网环境下消费者购买体验型产品时对网络信息的依赖性很大。因此,研究社交媒体影响下体验型产品的消费者决策选择行为具有现实意义。本文以电影行业的票房偏离及消费跟风现象为切入点,探究体验型产品的羊群效应并对其产生的内在机理进行解释。采集艺恩资讯的票房数据以及豆瓣的电影基本信息及影评等数据作为研究样本,从消费者"羊群行为"视角分析其对电影票房的影响。研究发现：在控制了质量等内生性影响之后,消费者羊群效应依然存在;产品特征信息对羊群效应起到了调节作用,从而形成理性跟随;采用预期差异模型可以解释消费者实现理性跟随的过程。研究结论对于电影行业宏观政策制定及对体验型产品合理进行营销推广提供了理论基础与实证依据。     

Change agent's contribution to recipients' resistance to change: A two-sided story

In the change management literature, most studies on recipients' resistance to change include only the views of agents or of recipients, thereby ignoring that these parties may have different perceptions. In this quantitative study, we include the perceptions of both parties in studying the recipients' resistance and the impact of the agent's leadership behavior. In a sample of 117 agent-recipients groupings, covering 110 different change projects in 90 organizations, we found that agents perceive higher levels of recipients' resistance than do the recipients themselves. Additionally, we found that agents who create space to enable recipients to think and act differently (by employing creating behavior) report higher levels of recipients' resistance, whereas recipients perceive their resistance to be lowered when agents facilitate an emotional connection to the change (framing behavior). The depth of the change appeared to moderate the relationship between agent's leadership behavior and recipients' resistance, indicating that agents and recipients differ in which change leadership behaviors they perceive as increasing or decreasing resistance at different levels of change depth. These findings imply to reconsider the relationship between agent and recipients and we propose some promising avenues for future studies in resistance research.     

Complementary person-supervisor fit: An investigation of supplies-values (S-V) fit,leader-member exchange (LMX) and work outcomes

By applying the supplies-values (S-V) fit approach from the complementary person-environment (P-E) fit literature to the leader-employee perspective, and drawing upon social exchange theory, we examine how fulfillment of different work values is related to Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and work outcomes. First, polynomial regression analyses combined with response surface analysis of data collected at two time points (N = 316) showed that LMX (Time 2) was higher the more the leader fulfills the employee's work values (Time 1). Second, LMX (Time 2) was higher when leader supplies (Time 1) and employee work values (Time 1) were both high than when both were low. Third, analyses of data from a sub-sample of matched leader-employee dyads (N = 140), showed that LMX (Time 2) played a mediating role on the relation between S-V fit (Time 1) and work outcomes (Time 2). Specifically, we found eight out of 10 relationships between S-V fit (Time 1) and leader-rated task performance and OCB (Time 2) to be fully mediated by LMX (Time 2). LMX (Time 2) partially mediated the relation between S-V fit (Time 1) and job satisfaction (Time 2) as only two out of five relationships were fully mediated.     

黑社会组织模式、行为及司法化的认识与处置

黑社会的犯罪模式依附于组织模式。目前在立法层面上只将其作为组织行为进行界定和处罚,使对该类犯罪行为的界定和处罚显现立法的缺损,犯罪的危害性得不到清晰的描述。而在现代社会中,传统的黑社会组织的模式和犯罪行为早已发生了变化。坚持传统标准,对我国目前仍处于滋生发展期的具有黑社会性质的组织和犯罪模式的确定显然是不利的,只会束缚我们对当今中国发生的具有黑社会性质的组织模式和行为方式的认识,给立法设定更多的障碍,延误对具有黑社会性质的组织犯罪打击的及时和准确,更不利于社会的安定、和谐与发展。     

Maternal Discipline and Children's Adjustment: The Role of the Cultural and Situational Context

This study examined how the cultural and situational contexts can jointly shape the consequences of discipline strategies. Israeli mothers who grew up in Israel or in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) (overall N = 110) reported regarding their use of psychologically controlling and punitive discipline with their seven‐years‐old to 10‐years‐old children, and teachers reported regarding children's behavior problems. We assessed both mothers' overall general use of the discipline strategies, and their use of the same strategies following transgressions in the academic domain, an area which the two groups emphasize to differing degrees. Consistent with hypothesis, controlling discipline in academic situations had more positive consequences in the FSU group compared with the Israeli‐origin group. In contrast, and as predicted, cultural group was not a moderator of mothers' overall, general use of the same discipline strategies. The findings illustrate how taking the situation into account can inform examination of the moderating role of cultural group.