The outcomes of a longitudinal study of non‐organic failure‐to‐thrive

Individuals who had failed‐to‐thrive for non‐organic reasons received psychosocial intervention which was tailor‐made to their particular needs during childhood. Their progress was followed up over 20 years later, including their physical growth and social and cognitive functioning. Not all clients showed the same outcomes. The quality of the parental relationship and the reason for the growth‐faltering were found to be related to the outcomes at 20 years. Unless they experienced a positive and sustained change in their life or circumstances, individuals who had experienced abuse showed poorer outcomes than those whose growth‐faltering had been thought due to neglect, lack of parenting or feeding dif?culties. Abuse tended to be a contributing factor to growth‐faltering more frequently in families where the parents were observed to have a poor relationship with each other. However, a signi?cant change in the quality of care given to the child and the emotional environment experienced by them resulted in positive outcomes 20 years later despite experiencing abuse during childhood. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岩爆形成机制的细观力学实验分析

在扫描电镜下，对三种类型岩石进行单轴压缩的细观力学实验，即时观察岩石变形破坏全过程．根据实验结果，可以较好的解释岩爆形成的实质．     

JOINT BEHAVIOUR OF PRECEDENCES AND EXCEEDANCES IN RANDOM THRESHOLD MODELS

This paper concerns the joint behaviour of precedence and exceedance statistics in random threshold models. Joint distributions of precedence and exceedance statistics, both exact and asymptotic, are obtained, and the results are illustrated for random thresholds based on order statistics and record values.     

Single Parenthood and Children’s Reading Performance in Asia

Using the data from Program for International Student Assessment, I examine the gap in reading performance between 15‐year‐old students in single‐parent and intact families in 5 Asian countries in comparison to the United States. The ordinary least square regression analyses show negligible disadvantages of students with a single parent in Hong Kong and Korea, once students’ demographic characteristics and socioeconomic background are held constant. Students in single‐parent families in Indonesia and Thailand outperform their peers in intact families. The negative effect of single parenthood remains significant in Japan, even after parent‐child communication is controlled. Interpreting the weak effect of single parenthood in the Asian countries, I consider extended family systems and the relatively high proportion of widowhood among causes of single parenthood.     

Conditional Functional Principal Components Analysis

Abstract.  This work proposes an extension of the functional principal components analysis (FPCA) or Karhunen–Loève expansion, which can take into account non-parametrically the effects of an additional covariate. Such models can also be interpreted as non-parametric mixed effect models for functional data. We propose estimators based on kernel smoothers and a data-driven selection procedure of the smoothing parameters based on a two-step cross-validation criterion. The conditional FPCA is illustrated with the analysis of a data set consisting of egg laying curves for female fruit flies. Convergence rates are given for estimators of the conditional mean function and the conditional covariance operator when the entire curves are collected. Almost sure convergence is also proven when one observes discretized noisy sample paths only. A simulation study allows us to check the good behaviour of the estimators.     

可持续经济增长的政策选择

可持续经济增长的目标是要协调环境可持续与经济增长的矛盾,其政策空间在于消除经济当中大量存在的双重政府失灵和双重市场失灵。以可持续经济增长为目标的政府政策应当把经济政策、环境政策和技术政策有机组合在一起,我国需要根据当前的经济发展阶段有针对性地进行政策工具的选择和组合。     

多体交叉存储器等效存储体数的计算

对多体交叉存储器等效存储体数的计算进行了探讨 ,说明了多体交叉存储存在的问题 ,并指出了发展存储体系是非常必要的     

跨文化交际中的语言语用失误

本文通过大量举例,说明在跨文化交际中存在大量语言语用失误现象,并阐述其对交际产生的严重后果,分析了语言语用含义和语言语义含义之间的差别并总结了产生语言语用失误的四大原因:1.对美语和英语的差异缺乏了解;2.对中西文化差异缺乏了解;3.对英语语言习惯不了解;4.对话语的语用含义不明白, 并提出了一些克服语言语用失误的对策。     

关于跨文化交际研究的几点理论探索

This paper mainly focuses on the theoretical bases of intercultural communication by analyzing reasons of IC studies'emergence,researches done on IC by linguists and English teachers,and some difficulties concerning intercultural communication studies.     

Genetic algorithms for numerical optimization

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are stochastic adaptive algorithms whose search method is based on simulation of natural genetic inheritance and Darwinian striving for survival. They can be used to find approximate solutions to numerical optimization problems in cases where finding the exact optimum is prohibitively expensive, or where no algorithm is known. However, such applications can encounter problems that sometimes delay, if not prevent, finding the optimal solutions with desired precision. In this paper we describe applications of GAs to numerical optimization, present three novel ways to handle such problems, and give some experimental results.