民事二审发回重审制度的缺陷与重构

长期以来,人民法院在发回重审问题上,存在着理念上对发回重审过分依赖,过分强调以审判权为本位;发回重审的理由缺乏可操作性,具有极大的不确定性;对发回重审的案件审理缺乏相应的制约措施,不利于保护当事人的合法权益等缺陷.为了克服这些缺陷,必须从以下几方面对发回重审制度进行重构:明确发回重审的理由;限制发回重审的次数;赋予当事人的程序选择权;增加对发回重审案件的审理的制约措施.     

关于刑事案件卷宗改革的法律思考

刑事案件的卷宗 ,是刑事诉讼机制赖以正常运作的载体。但司法实践中长期奉行的卷宗中心主义对卷宗过度信任、依赖 ,导致案件事实发现与人权保障的刑事诉讼目标难以真正实现 ,必须予以改革。考虑我国国情和司法实际状况 ,刑事案卷制度的完善应以相对合理主义为指导 ,区分不同的诉讼阶段采取相应的改革举措 ,走渐进的改革之路。     

Excel编程在随机分班考试中的应用

随机分班与考试牌的应用可有效防范考试中的作弊和违纪行为。运用Excel电子表程序的编程功能 ,建立学生名单数据库和具备随机分班功能的实用程序 ,并可迅速查询 -打印成分班名单。该程序使用方便 ,快速 ,15～ 2 0min内对 12 0人考生随机分班和考试牌组合。     

Program Evaluation and Causal Inference With High‐Dimensional Data

In this paper, we provide efficient estimators and honest confidence bands for a variety of treatment effects including local average (LATE) and local quantile treatment effects (LQTE) in data‐rich environments. We can handle very many control variables, endogenous receipt of treatment, heterogeneous treatment effects, and function‐valued outcomes. Our framework covers the special case of exogenous receipt of treatment, either conditional on controls or unconditionally as in randomized control trials. In the latter case, our approach produces efficient estimators and honest bands for (functional) average treatment effects (ATE) and quantile treatment effects (QTE). To make informative inference possible, we assume that key reduced‐form predictive relationships are approximately sparse. This assumption allows the use of regularization and selection methods to estimate those relations, and we provide methods for post‐regularization and post‐selection inference that are uniformly valid (honest) across a wide range of models. We show that a key ingredient enabling honest inference is the use of orthogonal or doubly robust moment conditions in estimating certain reduced‐form functional parameters. We illustrate the use of the proposed methods with an application to estimating the effect of 401(k) eligibility and participation on accumulated assets. The results on program evaluation are obtained as a consequence of more general results on honest inference in a general moment‐condition framework, which arises from structural equation models in econometrics. Here, too, the crucial ingredient is the use of orthogonal moment conditions, which can be constructed from the initial moment conditions. We provide results on honest inference for (function‐valued) parameters within this general framework where any high‐quality, machine learning methods (e.g., boosted trees, deep neural networks, random forest, and their aggregated and hybrid versions) can be used to learn the nonparametric/high‐dimensional components of the model. These include a number of supporting auxiliary results that are of major independent interest: namely, we (1) prove uniform validity of a multiplier bootstrap, (2) offer a uniformly valid functional delta method, and (3) provide results for sparsity‐based estimation of regression functions for function‐valued outcomes.     

When is a curve an outlier? An account of a tricky problem

ABSTRACT The analysis of a set of data consisting of N short (≤20 observations each) multivariate time series, where the observations are irregularly spaced and where observations for the different components of each multivariate series are observed at different times, is discussed. With the increased use of automatic recording devices in many fields, data such as these, which are of course samples from smooth response curves, are becoming more common. In this application, which was a clinical trial comparing two cements for use in hip replacement surgery, the key to the analysis was in recognizing that the interest lay in the degree to which the five curves representing a patient's vital signs deviated from baseline (i.e., normal for that patient) during surgery. This enabled the statisticians to define appropriate response variables. The analysis included Rosseeuw's (1984) technique for the identification of multivariate outliers and logistic regressions to identify any effects on the process producing the outliers due to treatment or covariates.     

民事诉讼审前准备程序的功能及制度完善

《民事诉讼法》及相关程序立法,对民事诉讼审前程序做出了相关界定,但相对简单、粗放,当事人参与程度极低,无法充分实现审前准备程序的功能。审前准备程序需要建立完善的制度保障,包括强制诉答制度、诉讼失权制度、审前和解制度等,为提高司法效率、迅速妥善解决纠纷奠定基础。     

论民事审限制度的改进

民事审限制度的建构应当以保护权利、追求效率和制约权力为基本价值。健全我国的民事审限制度必须重视我国社会由乡土社会向现代社会转变的大背景、时下社会公众对司法权力的信任状况和现阶段我国法官素质等实际情况。     

20世纪初上海城市客运业与官商互动模式的嬗变

上海城市区域不断扩大,导致城市人口形成空间活动固定模式,产生了现代公共交通方式。华界现代公共交通基本由民间社会集资兴办,民族交通企业创办了华界地区现代公共交通。在民间资本式微的情况下,上海市政府公用局尝试性地运用政府的独特优势,整合相关社会资源,积极介入区域公共交通的建设与发展之中,取得了初步成效。同时公用局坚持华界公共交通“以公营为宜”的主张,加强对商办交通企业监管,引起了监管方式的争执。     

昆明话和普通话"VV"、"V(一)下"的功能、形式对比

与其他西南官话相比,昆明方言最突出的特点之—就是具有动词重叠式,形成了"VV"与"V一下"表示短暂、尝试意义两种形式共存的局面。表面看,这两种形式及其表意功能与普通话是一致的,但如果着眼于二者在各自语言系统中与相关形式的依存关系,却存在较大差异。通过与各种相关形式的对比分析,可以分析出昆明话这两种形式与普通话的系统差异以及结合历史来源探讨两种形式间的依存关系,从而在此基础上进行语言形式和功能的对比研究。     

“告”与“理”关系解读

在法治社会中,司法权具有消极性和终局性,即对于法律纠纷应实行不告不理和有告必理。对我国司法实践中所表现的"告"与"理"之间的四大关系———不告不理、不告而理、告而不理和有告必理做了分析,并对司法权的运作原则与司法公正、司法的社会"平衡器"功能之间的关系进行了阐述,以纠正当下认识和实践上的偏颇。