我国基金犯罪的界限认定问题

基金违规、违法只有达到严重危害社会的程度。并且依照刑法应受到刑罚处罚时才构成基金犯罪。灰色私募基金,有可能构成刑事犯罪。挪用社保基金行为可根据犯罪主体不同作出不同定性。基金“老鼠仓”犯罪与内幕交易、泄露内幕信息罪并不完全相同。网络基金诈骗犯罪应根据有无采用集资或传销方式予以不同处理。     

Wistar大鼠心脏、胃、子宫的浅淋巴流向

采用活体浆膜下间接注射法 ,观察了 30只成体雌性 Wistar大鼠心脏、胃、子宫的浅淋巴流向 .结果显示 :(1 )心脏的浅淋巴管主要注入无名静脉淋巴结 ;(2 )胃的浅淋巴管可注入肝总淋巴结、胃胰淋巴结、腹腔左淋巴结、胰上淋巴结、脾淋巴结、脾上淋巴结和胃网膜左淋巴结 ;(3)子宫的浅淋巴管可注入腰淋巴结、髂总淋巴结和子宫旁淋巴结 .     

供应链的协作供应问题研究

当供应链某活动环节的物资需求量过大时, 一个供应点常常不能提供其全部所需物资. 因此, 实际应用中需要多个供应点共同参与. 针对供应链物资需求的特点, 提出了多点协作供 应的数学模型, 通过引入可行方案的定义, 给出了可行方案存在的判定定理, 以及可行方案的 构造方法. 然而一个可行方案可能包含太多的供应点(太多的供应点有时意味着较高的生产准 备费用) , 因此该方案可能并不实用. 考虑到方案可靠性及费用, 给出了求取优化方案的一个启 发式方法. 最后对模型的系统软件集成进行了简单探讨     

Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Genistein in Rats, Part I: Model Development

Genistein is a phytoestrogen-a plant-derived compound that binds to and activates the estrogen receptor-occurring at high levels in soy beans and food products, leading to widespread human exposure. The numerous scientific publications available describing genistein's dosimetry, mechanisms of action, and identified or putative health effects in both experimental animals and humans make it ideal for examination as an example of endocrine-active compound (EAC). We developed a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to quantify the internal, target-tissue dosimetry of genistein in adult rats. Complexities of the model include enterohepatic circulation, binding of both genistein and its conjugates to plasma proteins, and the multiple compartments used to describe transport through the bile duct and gastrointestinal tract. Other aspects of the model are simple perfusion-limited transport to the tissue groups and first-order rates of metabolism, uptake, and excretion. We describe here the model structure and initial calibration of the model by fitting to a large data set for Wistar rats. The model structure can be readily extrapolated to describe genistein dosimetry in humans or modified to describe the dosimetry of other phytoestrogens and phenolic EACs. The model does a fair job of capturing the pharmacokinetics. Although it does not describe the interindividual variability and we have not identified a single set of parameters that provide a good fit to the data for both oral and intravenous exposures, we believe it provides a good initial attempt at PBPK modeling for genistein, which can serve as a template for other phytoestrogens and in the design of future experiments and research that can be used to fill data gaps and better estimate model parameters.     

Baclofen对成年大鼠和猫背根神经节神经元电活动的影响

药理学研究表明哺乳类动物脊髓背角中的GABA受体亚型（GABA_A和GABA_B）参与介导脊髓初级传入末梢的突触前抑制．本研究应用细胞内记录技术探讨GABA_B受体激活对背根神经节（dorsalrootganglion，DRG）细胞膜电特性的作用．实验标本取自SD成年大鼠（120-190g，n＝58）DRG（L_4-L_6）和猫（n＝8）在体L_6-L_7DRRG,当灌流液加入GABA_B受体激活剂baclofen（10-4-10-6mol／L）时，在DRG的98个细胞中，约58％的细胞（n＝57）无反应．部分A类和C类细胞的膜电位出现超极化（n＝37）和去极化（n＝14）反应．A传入（n＝71）和C传入（n＝27）激活的反应没有明显的差异．Baclofen引起的DRG细胞的去极化和超极化反应可被GABA_B受体选择性拮抗剂saclofen（10~3-10~5mo1／L）阻断．一些对baclofen反应的细胞也可被GABA_A受体激动剂muscimol去极化．在所记录的细胞中，baclofen对动作电位时程（APD_50）没有明显的影响．上述结果提示，在部分细胞中，baclofen激活的GABA_B受体介导细胞膜电位去极化和超级化反应,GABA_A和GABA_B这二种受体不仅在慢传速的Aδ和C类细胞中共存，同样也共存于快传速的Aα和Aβ的细胞膜上．     

Lactational Transfer of Tetrachloroethylene in Rats

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is a commonly used organic solvent and a suspected human carcinogen, reportedly transferred to human breast milk following inhalation exposure. Transfer of PCE to milk may represent a threat to the nursing infant. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to quantitatively assess the transfer of inhaled PCE into breast milk and the consequent exposure of the nursing infant. The model was validated in lactating rats. Lactating Sprague-Dawley female rats were exposed via inhalation to PCE at concentrations ranging from 20-1000 ppm, and then returned to their nursing, 10- to 11-day-old pups. Tetrachloroethylene concentrations in the air, blood, milk, and tissue were determined by gas chromatography and compared to model predictions. The model described the distribution of inhaled PCE in maternal blood and milk, as well as the nursed pup's gastrointestinal tract, blood, and tissue. Several computer simulations of PCE distribution kinetics in exhaled air, blood, and milk of exposed human subjects were run and compared with limited human data available from the literature. It is concluded that the PBPK model successfully described the concentration of PCE in both lactating rats and humans. Although predictions vs. observations were good, the model slightly underpredicted the peak whole pup PCE concentration and underpredicted systemic clearance of PCE from the pup.     

Uptake of Chloroform by Skin During Short Exposures to Contaminated Water

Uptake of chloroform into hairless rat stratum corneum from dilute aqueous solutions was studied using tape-stripping to determine amounts deposited in the skin under various environmental exposure scenarios. The length of exposure of sedated animals to the chloroform-containing medium, the frequency and duration of tape-stripping, and the number of tape-strips per location were varied to map the stratum corneum substantivity of chloroform. Eight minutes immersion of the rat within a well-stirred solution at 36°C was found to be adequate time for the gradient to be established fully across the stratum corneum. Penetration was progressively deeper as the exposure time increased. Substantial evaporative loss of chloroform from the aqueous medium of application seem to be responsible for lower cumulative amounts taken up when the same solution was held on the rat's skin within a stainless steel template of fixed area. Of the total uptake (29 mg) from a dilute stirred solution of chloroform (0.44 mg/ml) at 36°C, about 95% was systematically absorbed after a 30 min exposure as determined by residuals (measurement of bath concentrations).