Applying the Partitioned Multiobjective Risk Method (PMRM) to Portfolio Selection

The analysis of risk-return tradeoffs and their practical applications to portfolio analysis paved the way for Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), which won Harry Markowitz a 1992 Nobel Prize in Economics. A typical approach in measuring a portfolio's expected return is based on the historical returns of the assets included in a portfolio. On the other hand, portfolio risk is usually measured using volatility, which is derived from the historical variance-covariance relationships among the portfolio assets. This article focuses on assessing portfolio risk, with emphasis on extreme risks. To date, volatility is a major measure of risk owing to its simplicity and validity for relatively small asset price fluctuations. Volatility is a justified measure for stable market performance, but it is weak in addressing portfolio risk under aberrant market fluctuations. Extreme market crashes such as that on October 19, 1987 ("Black Monday") and catastrophic events such as the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 that led to a four-day suspension of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) are a few examples where measuring risk via volatility can lead to inaccurate predictions. Thus, there is a need for a more robust metric of risk. By invoking the principles of the extreme-risk-analysis method through the partitioned multiobjective risk method (PMRM), this article contributes to the modeling of extreme risks in portfolio performance. A measure of an extreme portfolio risk, denoted by f(4), is defined as the conditional expectation for a lower-tail region of the distribution of the possible portfolio returns. This article presents a multiobjective problem formulation consisting of optimizing expected return and f(4), whose solution is determined using Evolver-a software that implements a genetic algorithm. Under business-as-usual market scenarios, the results of the proposed PMRM portfolio selection model are found to be compatible with those of the volatility-based model. However, under extremely unfavorable market conditions, results indicate that f(4) can be a more valid measure of risk than volatility.     

股市预期收益率与波动关系的研究

利用SV_m模型对Koopman等的研究结论进行了验证,对SV_m模型进行了扩展,提出了一种能捕捉非对称效应的A-SV_m模型,并用该模型和SV_m模型对预期收益率与波动的关系进行了实证研究.研究结果与Koopman等人的结论不同,表明预期收益率与波动之间的关系是时变的,而且波动(条件方差)对预期收益率的影响并不显著.结合Harrison、Campbell等人的研究对结果进行了解释.     

基于随机波动性模型的中国股市波动性估计

采用动态随机波动性模型实证研究了中国股票市场的波动性. 通过基于马尔可夫链蒙 特卡罗(MCMC) 模拟的贝叶斯分析方法,较好地估计了随机波动性模型中的参数与波动性序 列. 基于中国股市数据进行的实证结果表明,与ARCH 类模型相比,随机波动性模型能更好地 描述股票市场回报的异方差和波动性的序列相关性.     

Transform Analysis and Asset Pricing for Affine Jump‐diffusions

In the setting of ‘affine’ jump‐diffusion state processes, this paper provides an analytical treatment of a class of transforms, including various Laplace and Fourier transforms as special cases, that allow an analytical treatment of a range of valuation and econometric problems. Example applications include fixed‐income pricing models, with a role for intensity‐based models of default, as well as a wide range of option‐pricing applications. An illustrative example examines the implications of stochastic volatility and jumps for option valuation. This example highlights the impact on option ‘smirks’ of the joint distribution of jumps in volatility and jumps in the underlying asset price, through both jump amplitude as well as jump timing.     

Central Limit Theorems for the Non‐Parametric Estimation of Time‐Changed Lévy Models

Abstract. Let {Z_t}_{t 0} be a Lévy process with Lévy measure ν and let be a random clock, where g is a non‐negative function and is an ergodic diffusion independent of Z. Time‐changed Lévy models of the form are known to incorporate several important stylized features of asset prices, such as leptokurtic distributions and volatility clustering. In this article, we prove central limit theorems for a type of estimators of the integral parameter β(?):=∫?(x)ν(dx), valid when both the sampling frequency and the observation time‐horizon of the process get larger. Our results combine the long‐run ergodic properties of the diffusion process with the short‐term ergodic properties of the Lévy process Z via central limit theorems for martingale differences. The performance of the estimators are illustrated numerically for Normal Inverse Gaussian process Z and a Cox–Ingersoll–Ross process .     

An empirical analysis of the volatility of the Japanese stock price index: a non-parametric approach

This paper presents an empirical analysis of stochastic features of volatility in the Japanese stock price index, or TOPIX, using high-frequency data sampled every 5 min. The process of TOPIX is modeled by a stochastic differential equation with the time-homogeneous drift and diffusion coefficients. To avoid the risk of misspecification for the volatility function, which is defined by the squared diffusion coefficient, the local polynomial model is applied to the data, and then produced the estimates of the volatility function together with their confidence intervals. The result of the estimation suggests that the volatility function shows similar patterns for one period, but drastically changes for another.     

上海燃料油期货套期保值比率选取的实证研究

通过对上海燃料油期货和现货价格的实证分析,表明期货和现货价格之间存在协整关系,同时价格的波动具有时变性和集聚性特征。考虑这两种特征,建立四个模型计算套期保值比率。结果表明,按照考虑协整关系建立的VECM模型估计的最优套保比率进行套期保值,套期保值效果最好,能使决策者面临的价格风险最小。     

产业政策对股票特质波动率的影响及机制研究

本文考察了宏观产业政策对重点发展行业股票特质波动率的影响及其作用机制。首先根据非参数方法提取不同行业公司股票的特质波动率,然后根据中国五年规划所包含的重点发展行业,分析了产业政策对重点发展行业股票特质波动率的影响,并使用中介效应模型检验了产品市场竞争程度、经营环境不确定性和会计信息披露质量的中介作用。研究表明,产业政策会通过加剧重点发展行业内产品市场的竞争程度、增加行业内经营环境的不确定性以及降低会计信息披露质量三条路径来提高重点发展行业的股票特质波动率。为降低内生性问题,采用倾向得分匹配等方法后,仍然发现产业政策可以增加重点发展行业的股票特质波动率。进一步考察规模异质性、产权异质性和区域异质性后,本文发现产业政策对股票特质波动率的增加作用在中小企业、东部地区更加明显,但在国有企业和民营企业中无明显差别。     

跳跃风险、结构突变与原油期货价格波动预测

本文主要是为了检验原油期货市场是否存在明显的跳跃风险和结构突变,并重点调查这两个因素是否对原油期货价格波动有预测作用。在经典或前沿的HAR-RV、HAR-S-RV和PSlev模型中,本文同时考虑跳跃风险和结构突变因素,构建了HAR-RV-J-SB、HAR-S-RV-J-SB和PSlev-J-SB模型。接着,以WTI原油期货的5分钟高频交易数据作为实证样本,对以上模型进行实证分析。实证结果显示：原油期货市场存在明显的跳跃风险和结构突变现象;HAR-RV-J-SB、HAR-S-RV-J-SB和PSlev-J-SB模型对原油期货价格波动的样本外预测精度都明显高于与之相对应的HAR-RV、HAR-S-RV和PSlev模型,且其结果是稳健的。特别地,在HAR-C和LHAR-RV等其它现有HAR族模型中加入跳跃风险和结构突变因素,也能得到类似的结果。本文的研究表明跳跃风险和结构突变因素能显著提高现有绝大多数HAR族模型对原油期货价格的预测精度,所以在HAR族模型的构建中这两个因素不能被忽视。     

国际油价、美国经济不确定性和中国股市的波动溢出效应研究

2008年金融危机以来的全球股市震荡,油价波动剧烈和经济的不确定性使得研究不同市场间的风险传导效应具有重要的意义。在综合评价现有研究的缺陷和既有改进方法的情况后,本文借鉴Diebold and Yilmaz （2012）的研究方法探索国际原油价格、美国经济不确定性和中国股市的波动溢出效应。本文选取1986年1月到2016年12月原油价格、美国经济不确定性指数和中国股票价格的月度数据,分别研究了静态波动溢出指数,动态波动溢出指数并做出了非线性检验。实证结果表明：变量国际油价解释了大部分的波动。方向性溢出指数是双向的和非对称的。在整个样本阶段系统的波动主要来自其他变量的冲击,变量国际油价的溢出效应占比重较大。变量国际油价、美国经济不确定性和中国股价对其他变量的波动溢出都存在非线性效应,前两者的正向变量的溢出效应较大,负向变量的溢出效应较小;后者的正向变量的溢出效应较小,负向变量的溢出效应较大。