中国ETF基金价格“已实现”波动率、跟踪误差之间的Granger关系研究

在高频数据条件下,中国ETF基金价格"已实现"波动率与跟踪误差之间是否存在着因果关系并存在着信息的先导效应？基于"已实现"波动、跟踪误差计算方法及Granger因果检验过程、VAR模型等,本文对此进行了深入研究。研究结果认为:中国ETF基金价格"已实现"波动率与两种跟踪误差分别具有Granger因果关系,后者是前者的Granger原因;中国ETF基金价格"已实现"波动率序列与两种跟踪误差序列的同期及一、二阶滞后相关性较高,而跟踪误差滞后于"已实现"波动率;当ETF基金的跟踪误差受外部市场条件的某一冲击后,将给ETF基金价格"已实现"波动率带来同向的冲击,这一冲击具有一定的持续性和滞后性。     

Some applications of nonlinear and non-Gaussian state–space modelling by means of hidden Markov models

Nonlinear and non-Gaussian state–space models (SSMs) are fitted to different types of time series. The applications include homogeneous and seasonal time series, in particular earthquake counts, polio counts, rainfall occurrence data, glacial varve data and daily returns on a share. The considered SSMs comprise Poisson, Bernoulli, gamma and Student-t distributions at the observation level. Parameter estimations for the SSMs are carried out using a likelihood approximation that is obtained after discretization of the state space. The approximation can be made arbitrarily accurate, and the approximated likelihood is precisely that of a finite-state hidden Markov model (HMM). The proposed method enables us to apply standard HMM techniques. It is easy to implement and can be extended to all kinds of SSMs in a straightforward manner.     

大众媒体与新媒体信息传递对中国股市收益波动的影响

基于异质投资者框架对大众媒体新闻、新媒体新闻与中国股市收益波动的影响进行探究,研究结果发现：（1）平均看来,新媒体新闻、大众媒体新闻与收益波动都变现为显著的正相关关系,且新媒体新闻与收益波动的平均相关性大于大众媒体新闻与收益波动的平均相关性。（2）具有高前期收益,高账面市值比,高机构投资者持股比例与高换手率这样的能引起媒体关注的特征的公司,其收益波动与新媒体新闻的相关性大于与大众媒体新闻相关系的概率更大。（3）对于小市值与年轻的公司,信息不确定程度高,新媒体新闻与其收益波动的相关性更可能大于大众媒体新闻与其收益波动的相关性。这一结果可以归因于新媒体新闻丰富了投资者的信息环境,更能影响投资者的异质信念水平。     

基于贝叶斯Wishart波动模型的原油市场与股市动态相依性研究

针对时变相关系数矩阵在多变量随机波动模型的估计问题,构建了贝叶斯动态相关Wishart波动模型。在CC-MSV模型的基础上,设置精度矩阵服从Wishart分布,使得模型的相关系数矩阵具有时变特征。通过模型的统计结构分析,选择参数先验分布,设计相应的Gibbs-MTM-ARMS混合算法,据此估计模型参数;并利用上证综合指数、标普500指数与原油期货价格数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明：模型能够有效地刻画原油市场与股票市场的动态相依性;金融危机期间,股票市场与原油市场的相关性较强,并且难以判断正负方向;金融危机后,中国股票市场与原油市场呈现极微弱的相关性,而美国股票市场与原油市场的正相关性较为明显。     

沪深300股指期货上市对现货市场连续波动和跳跃波动的影响

本文采用跳-扩散随机波动率模型研究沪深300股指期货上市对现货市场波动的影响。通过MCMC方法估计模型参数,对股指期货上市前后指数连续波动和跳跃特征进行比较分析,并与股指期货各指标作比较。研究发现,股指期货的上市确实起到了稳定现货市场的作用,上市短期内现货市场波动增大,随着时间增加现货市场波动逐渐降低,但是这一稳定效果主要体现在指数波动率的连续部分。股指期货上市后,指数连续波动向均值回归速度加快,并呈现出逐渐降低的趋势;“杠杆效应”在经历短暂的消失后逐渐显现;指数跳跃波动在总波动中所占比重较高,但随着交易时间增加,指数平均跳跃次数和跳跃波动所占比重逐渐降低。     

A robust closed-form estimator for the GARCH(1,1) model

In this paper we extend the closed-form estimator for the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH(1,1)) proposed by Kristensen and Linton [A closed-form estimator for the GARCH(1,1) model. Econom Theory. 2006;22:323–337] to deal with additive outliers. It has the advantage that is per se more robust that the maximum likelihood estimator (ML) often used to estimate this model, it is easy to implement and does not require the use of any numerical optimization procedure. The robustification of the closed-form estimator is done by replacing the sample autocorrelations by a robust estimator of these correlations and by estimating the volatility using robust filters. The performance of our proposal in estimating the parameters and the volatility of the GARCH(1,1) model is compared with the proposals existing in the literature via intensive Monte Carlo experiments and the results of these experiments show that our proposal outperforms the ML and quasi-maximum likelihood estimators-based procedures. Finally, we fit the robust closed-form estimator and the benchmarks to one series of financial returns and analyse their performances in estimating and forecasting the volatility and the value-at-risk.     

Bootstrapping Realized Volatility

We propose bootstrap methods for a general class of nonlinear transformations of realized volatility which includes the raw version of realized volatility and its logarithmic transformation as special cases. We consider the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) bootstrap and the wild bootstrap (WB), and prove their first‐order asymptotic validity under general assumptions on the log‐price process that allow for drift and leverage effects. We derive Edgeworth expansions in a simpler model that rules out these effects. The i.i.d. bootstrap provides a second‐order asymptotic refinement when volatility is constant, but not otherwise. The WB yields a second‐order asymptotic refinement under stochastic volatility provided we choose the external random variable used to construct the WB data appropriately. None of these methods provides third‐order asymptotic refinements. Both methods improve upon the first‐order asymptotic theory in finite samples.     

股指期货上市对现货市场的影响——来自中国的实证研究

文章运用EGARCH、多元GARCH、GRANGER非因果性检验、CHOW断点检验等计量经济方法,检验了股指期货上市对股票市场波动的效应、对现货中外联合动态关系的影响、期现之间的先行-滞后关系以及股指期货交易行为对现货波动的影响。研究表明,股指期货的引入加大了现货市场的波动,外生的波动事件通过期货交易,加大了现货市场的波动,引入股指期货后,中外股市的联合动态关系有显著改变。     

上证指数波动持久性在牛熊市的差异

国外研究表明,股市波动持久性在熊市会表现出比牛市更高的倾向,本文运用CGARCH模型检验了中国上证指数的波动持久性在牛熊市的差异。样本划分为3个熊市和4个牛市区间,并考虑了涨跌停板等政策变量的影响。实证结果表明,股市在熊市阶段的波动持久性较低,在牛市波动持久性较高。鉴于以往研究通常把波动持久增大作为美国股市走熊的一种解释,我们的研究说明,这种解释在中国股市并不成立。我们更倾向于从投资者情绪的角度解释波动持久性变化的成因。     

资产链中的股票可交易过程模型研究

资产链是指在金融创新的推动下,金融资产形态及其价值不断演变和深化而构成的逻辑路径.基于资产链的思想,股票的可交易过程不仅包括可流动过程,还包括可波动过程,时变流动性条件下的可流动过程模型显示可流动价值是股票换手率的函数,其表现与资金的时间价值类似,内在价值不变前提下的可波动过程模型则将可波动价值表示为美式期权,受股票的预期波动率、持有成本和投资者对波动性期权的心理预期时间的共同影响,但与股票的初始价格无关.