影响学前儿童游戏的物理环境因素

影响学前儿童游戏的物理环境因素构成游戏活动中物的要素或条件,它主要包括玩具、游戏场地、游戏时间等因素.科学建构和调控游戏的物理环境,促进学前儿童身心发展,是学前教育工作者的重要责任.     

S—完全正则与S—完全正规空间

文章引入了S－完全正则（S3．5）空间与S－完全正规（S5）空间的概念,讨论它们各自的特征性质以及与其他Si－空间的相互关系。     

企业与市场相结合的中间组织及其博弈分析

分析了企业与市场两种机制相互结合的中间组织产生的原因及其特征,借用博弈理论对企业之间从非合作走向合作以形成中间组织的过程进行了分析,同时对理论结论与现实经济中的现象进行了比较.     

博弈·平衡·控制——中国传统法和谐价值解读

对于中国传统法的和谐价值的认识,可以将博弈、平衡、控制三个层面作为解读新法。博弈是传统法所面对的各种矛盾与冲突,这是传统法具有和谐价值的成因;平衡是传统法在博弈中解决矛盾与冲突的手段,这是传统法和谐价值的实际样态;控制是传统法所追求的目标价值,是经过博弈、平衡后的一种政治期许的实际效果。立足当今和谐社会与法治建设,以扬弃的态度解读传统法,这是传统法和谐价值的现代意义所在。     

需求不确定环境下多个零售商竞争的鲁棒随机优化模型

在需求不确定环境下构建了由一个制造商和多个零售商组成的供应链系统,考虑不同产品的可替代性,建立了多个零售商竞争的随机优化模型。利用鲁棒优化方法研究了需求不确定环境下多个零售商竞争的绝对鲁棒优化问题、偏差鲁棒优化问题和相对鲁棒优化问题。最后通过数值算例比较分析了不同产品替代率下的绝对鲁棒优化解、偏差鲁棒优化解及相对鲁棒优化解。     

From administering administrative divisions to regional public administration： a game analysis of evolution in the pattern of governance by the government

区域公共管理实质上是政府治理方式上的制度变迁,即打破原有行政区行政的制度安排,重塑利益格局的制度演变过程。在这一过程中,始终贯穿着不同利益主体的博弈,从而最终形成新的制度——相关因素充分博弈后的契约格局。这些博弈关系主要包括中央政府与地方政府的博弈、地方政府之间的博弈等。对可能出现的博弈困境提出树立合作的“重复博弈”思维,建立良好的信息沟通以及双边或多边协商机制,进一步转变政府职能、斩断地方政府与社会经济主体的利益连带关系,强化中央政府的宏观调控职能,是建立区域公共管理制度、实现政府治理形态嬗变的有效引导性对策。     

Some simple nonparametric methods to test for perfect ranking in ranked set sampling

A lot of research on ranked set sampling (RSS) is based on the assumption that the ranking is perfect. Hence, it is necessary to develop some tests that could be used to validate this assumption of perfect ranking. In this paper, we introduce some simple nonparametric methods for this purpose. We specifically define three test statistics, _Nk,_Sk$N_k,S_k$ and _Ak$A_k$, based on one-cycle RSS, which are all associated with the ordered ranked set sample (ORSS). We then derive the exact null distributions and exact power functions of all these tests. Next, by using the sum or the maximum of each statistic over all cycles, we propose six test statistics for the case of multi-cycle RSS. We compare the performance of all these tests with that of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic proposed earlier by Stokes and Sager [1988. Characterization of a ranked-set sample with application to estimating distribution functions. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 83, 35–42] and display that all proposed test statistics are more powerful. Finally, we present an example to illustrate the test procedures discussed here.     

债务容量与成长期权关系研究

本文利用期权博弈方法,探析投资成长期权如何影响公司债务融资决策问题。在不确定条件下,综合考虑利率、税率、债息和债务的期限结构这些影响融资和投资的重要因素,构建期权博弈理论模型,确定企业的最优债务容量,并运用数值方法给出了债务容量与投资成长期权的回报率之间是非线性的"U"形关系的结论。研究表明,当投资成长期权的回报率较低时,债务容量随着投资成长期权的回报率增加而债务容量减少;当投资成长期权的回报率达到较高水平时,债务容量随着投资成长期权的回报率增加而债务容量增加。从而给出了关于债务容量与投资成长期权之间的内在关系的新理论解释。     

我国独立审计质量的经济学分析

我国独立审计市场存在的种种问题表明 ,我国审计市场环境较差、审计质量较低。其原因在于独立审计市场上存在的审计供给和需求的深层次矛盾。本文从信息经济学角度分析我国独立审计市场上的供需双方的博弈关系后 ,认为只有处理好供需双方的矛盾 ,才能较好地解决问题     

Strategic pricing with reference effects in a competitive supply chain

The reference-price effect refers to the demand deviation caused by consumers’ perceived losses or gains when the current market price of a product differs from a cognitive benchmark (known as a reference price) formed by the customers based on past prices. The impact of such a reference effect on the dynamic pricing policy of a monopolist has been widely studied in the literature. However, despite the importance of the topic due to the growing transparency of price information in the Internet era, its relevance in the context of a distribution channel has never been explored. In this study, we consider a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer in a bilateral monopoly setting. The two channel members independently choose their pricing strategies to optimize their own benefits in the presence of consumers’ reference-price effects. Based on a deterministic demand function, we derive the equilibrium prices and analyze the resulting profit sensitivity with respect to various factors that crucially shape the reference effects. We conclude that both the centralized and decentralized channels should want consumers to have a higher initial reference price, be more sensitive to the reference-price effect, and be more loyal to their product.