On Playing Fair: Professor Binmore on Game Theory and the Social Contract

This paper critically reviews Ken Binmores non- utilitarian and game theoretic solution to the Arrow problem. Binmores solution belongs to the same family as Rawls maximin criterion and requires the use of Nash bargaining theory, empathetic preferences, and results in evolutionary game theory. Harsanyi has earlier presented a solution that relies on utilitarianism, which requires some exogenous valuation criterion and is therefore incompatible with liberalism. Binmores rigorous demonstration of the maximin principle for the first time presents a real alternative to a utilitarian solution.     

Constrained egalitarianism in a simple redistributive model

The paper extends a result in Dutta and Ray's (1989) theory of constrained egalitarianism initiated by relying on the concept of proportionate rather than absolute equality. We apply this framework to redistributive systems in which what the individuals get depends on what they receive or pay qua members of generally overlapping groups. We solve the constrained equalization problem for this class of models. The paper ends up comparing our solution with the alternative solution based on the Shapley value, which has been recommended in some distributive applications.     

Efficient estimators with categorical ranked set samples: estimation procedures for osteoporosis

Ranked set sampling (RSS) design as a cost-effective sampling is a powerful tool in situations where measuring the variable of interest is costly and time-consuming; however, ranking information about sampling units can be obtained easily through inexpensive and easy to measure characteristics at little or no cost. In this paper, we study RSS data for analysis of an ordinal population. First, we compare the problem of non-representative extreme samples under RSS and commonly-used simple random sampling. Using RSS data with tie information, we propose non-parametric and maximum likelihood estimators for population parameters. Through extensive numerical studies, we investigate the effect of various factors including ranking ability, tie generating mechanisms, the number of categories and population setting on the performance of the estimators. Finally, we apply the proposed methods to the bone disorder data to estimate the proportions of patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis status.     

网络游戏对大学生成长的影响及对策

网络游戏是一种科技含量高、表现手段丰富、超乎现实又最逼近现实的时尚娱乐形式,文章分析了网络游戏给大学生成长带来的积极和消极两方面的影响,提出了要正确认识网络游戏,预防信息崇拜;利用网络游戏,丰富网络教育资源;加强教育疏导,防止游戏沉迷;净化网络游戏市场,构建和谐网络文化环境等对策。     

比赛教学法在篮球专选课中的应用研究

文章通过对比赛教学法在普通高校篮球普修课中应用的研究,指出通过比赛教学法可以调动广大学生的学习积极性,激发学生学习的兴趣和热情,从而达到良好的教学效果.     

Refuting the cliché of the distrustful manager

Although trust is fundamental to social and organizational functioning, the media often portray managers as distrusting, suggesting that distrust of others is a typical personality variable of successful leaders. This study puts the cliché of the distrustful manager to the test. Both self-report data (N = 32,926) and behavioral data (N = 924) from the German Socio-Economic Panel refute this cliché. Analyses reveal that individuals in managerial positions neither show a lower level of trust before, nor a systematic reduction in trust after attaining such positions. Moreover, analyses demonstrate that managers are generally more trusting than non-managers. This selection effect implies that individuals who trust others are more successful in achieving managerial positions than their less trusting counterparts.     

全球温室气体减排: 理论框架和解决方案

在低碳经济下,以由低碳制造商、普通制造商和零售商组成的供应链作为研究对象,考虑了无碳税和有碳税两种情形,分析了分散决策和集中决策两种情况下供应链减排决策及合作策略,研究发现,在分散决策的情况下,碳税税率应该设置在一个合理分范围内,这样才能够充分调动低碳制造商减排的积极性,碳税如果设置过高,增加了企业的经营负担,并没有起到减排的作用,但是在集中决策下,碳税越高越能促进企业减排;同时还发现集中决策能够有效地提高供应链利润,因此需要设计一定约束机制来保证供应链各企业能够按照集中决策的方式来进行决策,并分析得出了合作机制。最后使用算例分析的方法分析了相关参数对供应链最优决策的影响。     

中国国家公园的土地权属与人地关系研究

产权管理是国家公园建设的内容之一,涉及众多的利益相关者。通过深入分析云南省国家公园产权管理的现状与特点,分别运用产权理论和博弈理论分析各利益主体的关系,发现国家公园内国有土地产权较为简单清晰,集体土地产权较为复杂,涉及较多的利益主体。从产权理论分析得出,就国有土地而言,存在绝对的物权和债权;集体土地除国家公园成立前流转出去的土地中农民与土地经营者是一对绝对的物权与债权关系外,其余均是一种相对的物权与债权关系,且集体土地介于私有和公有之间。从博弈理论得出,地方政府与中央政府存在投资博弈,与农民存在征地博弈,与企业存在税收博弈;与村委会也存在千丝万缕的关系。因此,处理好各利益相关者之间的关系将有利于进一步提升云南省国家公园的建设规划水平。     

旅游供应链模式及其可靠性评价指标体系构建

以两个独立的服务供应商与一个在线旅游平台所构成的两级旅游服务供应链为研究对象,考虑了单独销售模式和混合捆绑销售模式条件下,利用Stackelberg博弈,研究在线旅游平台在采取不同销售策略时,价格敏感系数与产品替代系数对供应商以及在线旅游平台利润的影响。研究结果表明,在线旅游平台通过混合捆绑销售策略,能够较大的增加利润;对于服务供应商来说,随着价格敏感程度的变大,最优策略由单独销售向混合捆绑销售转变;当产品替代性减弱时,单独销售逐步成为占优策略。