零售商品牌资产影响因素及其作用机制的实证研究

零售商品牌资产建设是决定零售企业规模化和持续化发展的一项战略议题,对零售企业长期竞争优势的建立有重要意义。本文从顾客视角出发,构建了零售商品牌资产影响因素及其作用机制研究模型。通过对济南和南昌两地百货商店和超级市场的消费者进行调研发现,商店形象属性通过顾客情绪、感知价值、顾客满意和顾客信任的作用对零售商品牌资产产生影响。其中,商店形象属性对顾客情绪的影响在不同的零售业态和地区表现出了一定的差异性。研究结论对零售企业品牌管理实践有重要启示作用。     

考虑策略型消费者行为的零售商订货及忠诚计划联合决策研究

顾客忠诚计划是零售商的重要销售策略之一. 本文针对两期折扣问题中零售商的订货和积分回馈计划投入的联合决策问题,基于完全理性假设,并结合问题的实际情况,考虑了全价期单期以及全价期和折扣期两期的积分回馈计划,构建了基于这两种积分回馈计划下的策略型消费者决策模型. 分析了不同积分回馈计划对策略型消费者行为的影响,进而讨论了零售商在不同决策下的收益情况,探索了零售商订货和积分回馈计划联合决策的制定. 研究发现：(1)积分回馈计划会对策略型消费者行为产生影响,从而影响零售商的决策和收益;(2)订货和忠诚计划制定的联合决策有利于零售商提高收益;(3)对于单位成本低的商品,面向全价期的积分回馈计划的最优收益提升较大;(4)对于商品价值与实际价格差异较小的商品,积分回馈计划对最优收益的提升作用较大. 具体而言,如果商品单位成本小于等于折扣价,则面向全价期的积分回馈计划的最优收益提升较大,反之,则面向全价期和折扣期的积分回馈计划的最优收益提升较大.     

延期支付条件下考虑坏账影响的三阶段经济订货模型

研究零售商处于强势地位的三级供应链结构中,考虑到顾客坏账率的影响,分析二阶延期支付策略下零售商的最优订货策略。分两种情形讨论了坏账影响下零售商的利息收入与利息支出,建立了相应的决策模型。通过模型的分析求解,得出零售商的最优订货周期和最优订货批量的判定方法,并进一步分析了各参数对零售商最优决策的影响。 最后,通过数值分析对有关结论进行了验证。     

Optimal Contract Design for Mixed Channels Under Information Asymmetry

The mixed‐channel model is becoming increasingly popular in the marketplace. In this model, a firm selling through the traditional supply chain of wholesaler and retailer opens a direct channel to the customer through Internet sales. Because both channels have their respective advantages, the manufacturer is attracted to this business model. However, it also leads to channel conflict, with the retailer feeling threatened by direct competition. One way of eliminating the possibility of this channel conflict, where the retailer is allowed to add value to the product to differentiate its offering to the customers, is proposed in this paper. The retailer is also given full authority to make pricing decisions. This paper presents a model, under this scenario, of obtaining optimum pricing decisions by both parties, the amount of value added by the retailer, and the manufacturer's wholesale price to the retailer. Our model incorporates information asymmetry, where the manufacturer has incomplete information about the retailer's cost of adding value. We obtain closed‐form contracts with incomplete information and compare them with those with complete channel coordination. We also develop a number of managerial guidelines and identify future research topics.     

零售商导入自有品牌对渠道竞争的影响研究

为了增强谈判力量和提升自身的独特竞争优势,零售商开始提供自有品牌,而自有品牌的引入强化渠道成员间的竞争。本文将针对两个对称性制造商和单个零售商的渠道结构,探讨自有品牌导入对渠道竞争决策产生的影响。研究结果表明:在任何渠道权力结构下,自有品牌的导入会降低制造商品牌的利润;在制造商领导权和垂直纳什结构下,被模仿制造商品牌的利润下降更显著;而在零售商领导权结构下,未被模仿制造商品牌的利润下降更显著;在未导入自有品牌情况下,制造商处于领导权地位能提升零售商利润水平;而零售商导入自有品牌时,其结果则相反,制造商处于领导权地位会降低零售商的利润水平;在零售商领导权和垂直纳什结构下,导入自有品牌都能增加零售商利润;而在制造商领导权结构下,仅当制造商之间竞争程度较弱时,导入自有品牌能提高零售商利润。     

制造商公平关切对闭环供应链成员最优策略的影响

回收再利用已成为企业降低成本、履行社会责任的重要途径。以制造商和零售商组成的动态闭环供应链系统为研究对象,利用微分博弈理论探讨公平关切行为对供应链成员决策的影响。通过构建回收率线性微分方程、供应链成员效用函数及HJB方程,研究制造商公平关切、零售商负责回收废旧产品模式下供应链成员的最优批发价格、最优销售价格和最优利润问题,最后进行参数敏感性分析。结果显示:制造商公平关切程度与系统回收率及零售商回收努力水平成反比,与批发价格和零售价格成正比。     

资金约束供应链RFID投资决策与融资优化

本文以一个供应商和一个存在库存错放的资金约束零售商组成的两级供应链为研究对象,探讨了供应链成员采用无线射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification,RFID）技术的决策及融资选择问题。基于报童模型构建了供应链成员是否采用RFID技术、以及零售商选择贸易信贷融资或银行融资四种情景下的收益模型,求解出链上各成员的最优收益并探讨了RFID采用决策及融资选择策略。研究发现：资金约束零售商通过银行借贷融资可以获得更多的融资金额,但是其选择贸易信贷融资的意愿随着自有资金的减少而增强;当零售商自有资金适中时,随着错放率的上升或RFID成本的降低,零售商从银行融资向贸易信贷融资转变;银行融资在一定程度上能够缓解零售商的库存错放问题。     

零售店铺环境对消费者惠顾行为的作用机理研究

通过构建零售店铺环境对消费者惠顾行为作用机理的理论模型,可以看出店铺环境维度影响着消费者对店铺选择标准的感知,这些标准包括人员服务质量、购物体验成本和商品价值等,而消费者对店铺选择标准的感知又会影响消费者的店铺惠顾意向。零售企业通过对店铺环境中设计因子、社会性因子以及氛围因子的全面优化创新,可以激发消费者的购买欲望,创造独特的竞争优势。     

Does a Store Brand Always Hurt the Manufacturer of a Competing National Brand?

It is generally believed that store brands hurt the manufacturers of competing national brands while benefiting retailers. In this study, we challenge this notion by studying the impacts of a store brand when it is introduced by a power retailer. We show that a store brand may benefit the manufacturer when the interaction between the manufacturer and retailer is modeled as a retailer‐led Stackelberg game. This phenomenon occurs because the store brand changes the nature of the strategic interaction between the manufacturer and retailer in our model. In particular, while the interaction is always vertical strategic substitutability without a store brand, it may become vertical strategic independence with one. With the store brand, the demand for the national brand becomes larger, and the wholesale price for the national brand may increase, both of which benefit the manufacturer. Finally, the store brand may lessen the double marginalization problem of the supply chain for the national brand in the retailer‐led Stackelberg game, but does so in an unconventional way: The reduction in the double marginalization effect may come from a lowered retail markup instead of a lowered wholesale price. Our results reconcile some discrepancies between theoretical predictions and empirical findings regarding the impacts of store brands on manufacturers.