专利技术授权、产品分销与分销渠道选择研究

从专利技术转化为现实生产力的视角,为研究技术供应商、制造商以及零售商之间的专利技术授权与分销渠道选择问题,构建不同渠道结构下的经济模型。通过模型求解,得到最优专利技术授权与产品定价决策以及分销渠道策略。研究发现：1)在专利技术授权阶段,技术供应商会策略性地选择仅包含固定授权费或者“版税提成+固定授权费”形式的授权合同;2)在产品分销阶段,制造商根据渠道成本、消费者渠道偏好、市场规模等因素来选择不同渠道结构,包括单渠道分销策略和双渠道分销策略;3)不同分销渠道选择不会影响授权合同形式,但会促使技术供应商和制造商调整各自的最优决策。最后,对原始模型进行不同维度的扩展,探究第三方电商平台模式、零售商渠道入侵模式等情形下的专利技术授权问题。     

Bounding Optimal Expected Revenues for Assortment Optimization under Mixtures of Multinomial Logits

We consider assortment problems under a mixture of multinomial logit models. There is a fixed revenue associated with each product. There are multiple customer types. Customers of different types choose according to different multinomial logit models whose parameters depend on the type of the customer. The goal is to find a set of products to offer so as to maximize the expected revenue obtained over all customer types. This assortment problem under the multinomial logit model with multiple customer types is NP‐complete. Although there are heuristics to find good assortments, it is difficult to verify the optimality gap of the heuristics. In this study, motivated by the difficulty of finding optimal solutions and verifying the optimality gap of heuristics, we develop an approach to construct an upper bound on the optimal expected revenue. Our approach can quickly provide upper bounds and these upper bounds can be quite tight. In our computational experiments, over a large set of randomly generated problem instances, the upper bounds provided by our approach deviate from the optimal expected revenues by 0.15% on average and by less than one percent in the worst case. By using our upper bounds, we are able to verify the optimality gaps of a greedy heuristic accurately, even when optimal solutions are not available.     

诱导性信息对消费者选择的折中效应的影响

为了考察消费者处于诱导性信息环境下的选择结果,通过2个实验发现,即使当消费者面对各种诱导性信息时,依然会在消费选择中表现出折中效应。但是,如果改变呈现诱导性信息的方式,使消费者在中性信息环境下自主做出选择,再呈现诱导信息,则可以系统性地弱化折中效应,从而改变消费者的选择偏好。     

Optimal Inattention to the Stock Market With Information Costs and Transactions Costs

Information costs, which comprise costs of gathering and processing information about stock values and costs of deciding how to respond to this information, induce a consumer to remain inattentive to the stock market for finite intervals of time. Whether, and how much, a consumer transfers assets between accounts depends on the costs of undertaking such transactions. In general, optimal behavior by a consumer facing both information costs and transactions costs is state‐dependent, with the timing of observations and the timing and size of transactions depending on the state. Surprisingly, if the fixed component of the transactions cost is sufficiently small, then eventually, with probability 1, a time‐dependent rule emerges: the interval between observations is constant and on each observation date, the consumer converts enough assets to liquid assets to finance consumption until the next observation. If the fixed component of transactions costs is large, the optimal rule remains state‐dependent indefinitely.     

社会主义市场经济与善恶选择

建立社会主义市场经济的过程就是向善选择的过程。在社会主义市场经济条件下 ,我们不仅可以在经济领域中合理地选择先进层面的善 ,也可以在非经济领域中实现超私利的善。     

“死活＋VP”格式及相关问题

现代汉语中的“死活＋VP”格式在语义表达方面,表达背离性的“结果义”和一致性的“行为义”;在语用功能方面,该格式普遍具有凸显“VP”的功能,同时表“行为义”的“死活＋VP”格式还具有特殊的“反驳”功能;在句式联系方面,表“结果义”的“死活＋VP”格式不能形成取舍句,而表“行为义”的“死活＋VP”格式一般能形成取舍句。     

英语阅读材料的选择

阅读是语言学习成功与否的关键所在.对于语言学习者而言,选择合适的阅读材料显得犹为重要.本文通过对目前我国国内语言学习者选择阅读材料的状况的分析,运用可读性理论和克拉申的语言输出理论,初步得出选择阅读材料的基本原则.     

景点名称的文化内涵与目的论关照下导译者之策略选择

文章运用目的论的观点探讨导译者应该如何传递旅游景点名称的文化内涵。由于景点名称富于文化意义,其翻译成为旅游资料翻译的难点、重点。作为现场翻译的导译则直接承担了现场传播中国文化的重任。导译员应该充分理解、发掘景点名称的文化内涵,遵循旅游导译的目的,运用恰当的翻译策略与技巧,协助异种文化背景的游客理解其文化内涵,达到其通过旅游来体验文化他性的目的。     

《红字》中的人性与科学

霍桑在他的代表作《红字》中,从人性的角度出发,让我们看到人是善和恶的混合体.人性在善和恶之间摇摆,人所掌握的科学也随之或造福人类或危害人类的幸福.     

Do gender differences in preferences for competition matter for occupational expectations?

Occupational segregation by gender is prevalent and can explain some of the gender wage gap. I empirically investigate a possible explanation for this segregation: the gender difference in preferences for competition, which in recent experimental studies has been found to affect economic outcomes. My findings suggest that women’s greater distaste for competition decreases educational achievement. It can also explain part of the gender segregation in occupational fields. Specifically, accounting for distaste for competition seems to reduce gender segregation in the fields of Law, Business & Management, Health, and Education.