SMA路面施工应注意的问题

通过对改性沥青SMA面层试验段结果分析,从原材料、拌和、摊铺、碾压等方面对改性沥青及SMA混合料在施工中需要注意的问题及解决的方法进行了阐述。     

On the difficulty of making social choices

The difficulty of making social choices seems to take on two forms: one that is related to both preferences and the method used in aggregating them and one which is related to the preferences only. In the former type the difficulty has to do with the discrepancies of outcomes resulting from various preference aggregation methods and the computation of winners in elections. Some approaches and results which take their motivation from the computability theory are discussed. The latter institution-free type of difficulty pertains to solution theory of the voting games. We discuss the relationships between various solution concepts, e.g. uncovered set, Banks set, Copeland winners. Finally rough sets are utilized in an effort to measure the difficulty of making social choices.     

身体缺场的个性化消费研究

通过网络平台,人们可以不受时空限制,在身体缺场的情况下进行消费。与传统线下消费相比,网络消费者的消费需求彰显出符合自身特点的个性化趋势。时空分离的缺场空间使得人们在实施某些社会行为时的心理产生了变化,由此,消费内容、消费选择及消费结构也必然发生相应的转变。身体缺场的个性化消费存在一些可能影响正常消费秩序的问题,因此,需要有针对性地建立完善的网络个性化消费监管办法和信息共享平台,健全有关法律制度体系,并加强相关技术创新。     

法律选择中的例外条款

通过对采用例外条款的各国国际私法立法的比较,分析例外条款存在的合理性。探讨例外条款在国际私法典中的作用及其法理基础和存在价值。并对例外条款的未来发展趋势进行思考。     

Decision Making in `Random in a Broad Sense' Environments

It is shown that the uncertainty connected with a `random in a broad sense' (not necessarily stochastic) event always has some `statistical regularity' (SR) in the form of a family of finite-additive probability distributions. The specific principle of guaranteed result in decision making is introduced. It is shown that observing this principle of guaranteed result leads to determine the one optimality criterion corresponding to a decision system with a given `statistical regularity'.     

Stochastic Choice and Consistency in Decision Making Under Risk: An Experimental Study

This paper reports the results of an experiment designed to uncover the stochastic structure of individual preferences over lotteries. Unlike previous experiments, which have presented subjects with pair-wise choices between lotteries, our design allowed subjects to choose between two lotteries or (virtually) any convex combination of the two lotteries. We interpret the mixtures of lotteries chosen by subjects as a measure of the stochastic structure of choice. We test between two alternative interpretations of stochastic choice: the random utility interpretation and the deterministic preferences interpretation. The main findings of the experiment are that the typical subject prefers mixtures of lotteries rather than the extremes of a linear lottery choice set. The distribution of choices does not change between a first and second asking of the same question. We argue that this provides support for the deterministic preferences interpretation over the random utility interpretation of stochastic choice. As a subsidiary result, we find a small proportion of subjects make choices that violate transitivity, but the level of intransitive choice falls significantly over time.     

A Theory of Rational Choice under Ignorance

This paper contributes to a theory of rational choice for decision-makers with incomplete preferences due to partial ignorance, whose beliefs are representable as sets of acceptable priors. We focus on the limiting case of `Complete Ignorance' which can be viewed as reduced form of the general case of partial ignorance. Rationality is conceptualized in terms of a `Principle of Preference-Basedness', according to which rational choice should be isomorphic to asserted preference. The main result characterizes axiomatically a new choice-rule called `Simultaneous Expected Utility Maximization'. It can be interpreted as agreement in a bargaining game (Kalai-Smorodinsky solution) whose players correspond to the (extremal) `acceptable priors' among which the decision maker has suspended judgment. An essential but non-standard feature of Simultaneous Expected Utility choices is their dependence on the entire choice set. This is justified by the conception of optimality as compromise rather than as superiority in pairwise comparisons.     

论二元户籍制度在中国的生成

我国二元户籍制度的构建过程分为三个阶段,即制度初建阶段、法制建设阶段和制度完善阶段。大量研究成果表明,二元户籍制度在中国的生成是经济、社会、政治及意识形态等因素综合影响的结果,其中政府最高决策层在制度选择过程中起到了决定性作用,并深刻影响了近三十年来的户籍制度改革进程。     

吉登斯的现代性思想群像

吉登斯建构了一个完整的现代性思想体系。在吉登斯那里,断裂性是现代性的首要特征。资本主义、工业主义、监督机器与军事力量是现代性的制度性维度。而时空分离、脱域机制和反思性监控是现代性的动力。现代性的高度全球化衍生出了世界资本主义经济体系、民族国家体系、世界军事秩序和国际劳动分工体系。现代性扩张的后果是把人类带入了一个风险社会,而走出风险社会的乌托邦现实主义导向性策略是消除贫困、恢复环境、反对专权以及减少社会生活中的武力与暴力。