大学生“村官”制发展阶段研判及现阶段发展路径展望

通过具体剖析和考察要素条件、需求状况、管理机制设计、相关及配套制度等四项主要决定因素,对大学生村官制的发展轨迹进行了研究,认为大学生村官制的发展要经历要素驱动阶段、效率驱动阶段和价值驱动阶段。在对各个阶段特征的把握以及对现阶段发展状态评断的基础上,得出我国大学生村官制仍处于要素驱动阶段的结论,并指出针对此阶段暴露出的诸多问题,可以通过高校、政府和村官三个主体维度的建设和完善,提升大学生村官的发展力。     

武陵山区少数民族州县主导产业解读与选择

主导产业发展的关键是定位要准确。本文通过分析武陵山区少数民族州县主导产业选择存在的问题,阐明主导产业选择的原则,并结合其约束条件给出主导产业定位的几种模式。     

21世纪初中国行政改革的十大关系及政策选择

在世纪之交,中国政府有必要适时启动国家行政体制创新工程。为此,有必要首先厘清和解析制约中国政府行政改革的重要变量及其十大关系,进而形成关于21世纪初期中国政府行政改革的系统的政策理念和政策思想。这十大关系是行政改革理论规范与行政改革政策阐释的关系、行政改革基本价值标准与行政改革政策选择的关系、行政典范革命与转变行政观念的关系……     

Cultural capital or relative risk aversion? Two mechanisms for educational inequality compared1

In this paper we empirically examined two explanatory mechanisms for educational inequality: cultural reproduction and relative risk aversion, using survey data taken from secondary school pupils in Amsterdam. Cultural reproduction theory seeks to explain class variations in schooling by cultural differences between social classes. Relative risk aversion theory argues that educational inequalities can be understood by between-class variation in the necessity of pursuing education at branching points in order to avoid downward mobility. We showed that class variations in early demonstrated ability are for a substantial part cultural: cultural capital - measured by parental involvement in highbrow culture - affected school performance at the primary and secondary level. However, relative risk aversion - operationalized by being concerned with downward mobility - strongly affects schooling ambitions, whereas cultural capital had no effect. Thus, we conclude that 'primary effects' of social origin on schooling outcomes are manifested through cultural capital and not through relative risk aversion (in addition to other potential sources of class variations such as genetics). Relative risk aversion, and not cultural capital, affects schooling ambitions, which is relevant for our understanding of secondary effects.     

Supplemental home care and topping‐up: A shift from service universalism towards a new and privatised public service model?

How does a public service model based on service universalism react to the introduction of market principles of topping up? In a recent so‐called Free Municipality Scheme (an experimental scheme that allowed for greater operational autonomy locally in an effort to reduce state bureaucracy), a number of Danish municipalities were for the first time ever allowed to compete with for‐profit providers of home care in selling supplemental home care services paid entirely by the user. The take‐home message from this experience is that the introduction of supplemental home care entails challenges and eventually wider implications for the public service model, on an economic, organisational and cultural level. Supplemental services represent a new and potentially powerful combination of market and state logics that eventually redirects away from the universalist welfare state and towards a new and increasingly privatised public service model – a model where the service level is determined by the user's capacity to purchase and pay for services. The introduction of such services therefore implies a change of the potential of the Nordic welfare state to ensure equal access regardless of class and income.     

论政治文明的文化选择

文化即人化,它是人类所创造的精神成果和物质成果的总和;文明是文化的结晶,是文化主体对人类文化中野蛮性、愚昧性不断扬弃的结果,是人类有目的、有选择地过滤人类文化、形成合理文化内核的过程。中国当前的政治文明建设,需要走出“精华”和“糟粕”的简单二分的误区,用外来文化中国化、传统文化现代化,来开辟中国文化发展之路。弱化暴力色彩,强化仁政效应,构建中国特色的政治文明。     

Level of choice in older women’s decisions to retire or continue working and associated well-being

Retirement is a complex life transition. Women’s retirement, like their work lives, may be further complicated, for example, by family or financial obligations; they may feel forced to retire or to continue working or feel they have the choice to do so. This study examines the role of voluntary versus involuntary retirement or continued work participation among retirement-age women; specifically, the relationships between choice, work status, and well-being. Compared to women forced to retire, women who chose retirement or continuing to work had higher levels of life satisfaction. Findings highlight the importance of examining retirement within the life course context.     

基于Logit模型的区域集镇系统需求分析及规模确定研究

集镇迁建并非简单的将集镇按照原规模从一个地方搬到另一个地方,集镇迁建规模的大小．应该根据迁入区的实际需求（需求规模）来确定,需求的大小主要取决于村民对集镇的选择行为,即越多的人选择到某个集镇进行活动,该集镇的需求规模越大,反之越小。影响集镇需求的因素很多,包括交通时间、交通费用、集镇服务种类、服务质量等,本文将其概括为广义费用和集镇效用（服务能力）,建立反映村民选择行为的Logit模型分析集镇需求情况,并将其应用于区域集镇系统布局优化中,以我国西部某地为例进行实证分析,反映搬迁前后一定区域内各榘镇需求规模的变化,同时计算出新集镇的需求规模,为集镇迁建规模的确定及其布局优化提供科学的参考。     

宗教选择与信仰自觉:滇南苗族宗教生态急剧变迁的理性反思

民族地区宗教生态问题发生的实质,并不仅仅是外来宗教与民族传统宗教之间的互动关系,而是民族文化和民族传统宗教的传承和创新问题。当代滇南地区苗族宗教的发展及其变迁的事实表明,宗教的几度转型及传统宗教信仰的回归,以及给苗族社会和文化的稳定发展带来的动荡和冲击,实质上是民族文化传承和发展、如何对待和理解外来文化和宗教的传入与融合的问题。就当前苗族文化与宗教发展的趋势而言,信仰自觉的正确把握与实践显得尤为重要。因此,滇南苗族地区宗教生态平衡与否反映出来的宗教问题,已远超出了宗教信仰自由与否的宗教理解。     

信念、权威与制度选择——基于中国人民公社制度的思考

关于制度选择的决定因素及其选择机理的分析,以往的视角主要集中在技术结构、资源禀赋和文化方面,这种解释的最大缺陷是对人的作用重视不足。该文借助于中国“人民公社制度”选择的逻辑分析,构造了一个内生信念与权威的模型,系统论述了制度选择的机理。文章的观点是,任何一项制度的选择都是为了其特定的功能,制度选择的决定因素是个人信念和权威;个人信念经过主导集团的认可、加工与宣传,最终成为社会信念,以社会信念为基础的制度选择过程是不同利益集团的博弈过程。